# Liquid Cooling for AI: Sources & Citations | SAVRN
Source: https://savrn.com/sources/liquid-cooling
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[All research sources](https://savrn.com/sources)

Sources & Citations

# Liquid Cooling for AI

8 primary sources 6 categories We publish the receipts

A

## Thermal standards

ASHRAE

ASHRAE Technical Committee 9.9 datacom guidance — canonical thermal envelope and high-density cooling guidance for data center operators.

ASHRAE — TC 9.9 Datacom series [View source](https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/datacom-series)

B

## Operator survey

Uptime

Uptime Institute Global Data Center Survey — operator-side data on rack density, cooling architecture adoption, and PUE.

Uptime Institute — Global Data Center Survey [View source](https://uptimeinstitute.com/resources/research-and-reports/uptime-institute-global-data-center-survey-results-2025)

Uptime Institute press release on annual Global Data Center Survey data.

Uptime Institute — Data Center Survey press release [View source](https://www.uptimeinstitute.com/about-ui/press-releases/uptime-institute-data-center-survey)

C

## Market tracking

Dell’Oro

Dell’Oro Group industry analyst tracking of data center physical infrastructure market — cooling segment growth and direct-to-chip adoption.

Dell’Oro Group — Data Center Physical Infrastructure Market Update [View source](https://www.delloro.com/market-research/data-center-infrastructure/data-center-physical-infrastructure/)

D

## Independent technical reporting

IEEE · Reuters

IEEE Spectrum reporting on direct-to-chip liquid cooling deployments at scale.

IEEE Spectrum — Data Center Liquid Cooling coverage [View source](https://spectrum.ieee.org/data-center-liquid-cooling)

Reuters reporting on AI power demand pressure on grid infrastructure.

Reuters — AI power demand strain on grids (2026) [View source](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/ai-power-demand-strain-grids-2026-2026-01-15/)

E

## Hyperscaler precedent

Google

Google TPU pod program as a leading-edge liquid-cooled rack-scale reference platform.

Google — TPU products [View source](https://cloud.google.com/tpu)

F

## International outlook

IEA

IEA Electricity 2026 outlook for global power demand from data centers and AI workloads.

IEA — Electricity 2026 [View source](https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2026)

These are the primary sources behind our research. Have a better one, or spot an error? [Tell us](https://savrn.com/contact?topic=sources) — we’ll correct it.