Data Center Capital Atlas Update: September 26, 2026

This data center capital atlas update records what changed in the North American Data Center Capital Atlas, SAVRN’s primary-sourced record of who is funding data center capacity in North America, in what structure, at which site, and how much of that capital has been stopped. The atlas is refreshed every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and each refresh publishes a note like this one recording exactly what changed.

Where the record stands

Announced capital across the tracked cohort is reported as disclosed and is never summed into a single deployment figure: site commitments overlap one another and overlap reported capital expenditure. Blocked-and-delayed totals from different trackers cover different windows and definitions and are shown side by side rather than added.

Capital at risk, added this period

• St. Bernard 12-month data center moratorium (former P&G Ivorydale site proposal), Village of St. Bernard Council (OH). Village-wide 12-month pause; pending proposal is a 150,000 sq ft, 24 MW data center at the former St. Bernard Soap Co. building in Ivorydale. St. Bernard Village Council voted unanimously on Thursday 24 September 2026 to approve a 12-month moratorium on data centers, effective immediately, so officials can study infrastructure, utility capacity and zoning. The village will not process new applications. A proposal by CAI Investments for a 150,000 sq ft, 24 MW data center at the former Procter & Gamble Ivorydale building will still get a Board of Zoning Appeals hearing because it applied before the moratorium; the owner’s attorney called the moratorium a targeted response to that proposal. (WVXU)
• Americus 30-day data center moratorium, Americus City Council (GA). Citywide 30-day moratorium while an ordinance amendment is drafted. The Americus City Council voted 5-1 to enact a 30-day moratorium on data centers to allow time to craft an ordinance amendment regulating them. Council Member Frank Ceresoli voted against. The Americus Times-Recorder reported the vote on 24 September 2026; the meeting date is not stated in the article. (Americus Times-Recorder)
• Troy data processing center moratorium (extended), Troy City Council (IL). Citywide moratorium on data processing centers; first six months from 16 March 2026, extended six months. The Troy City Council approved a six-month moratorium on data processing centers on 16 March 2026 while the city rewrites its ordinance. At its 21 September 2026 meeting the council approved another six-month moratorium, extending the pause until March 2027, so the city can see what the Illinois legislature does in its fall veto session and with Senate Bill 25. The city attorney considers six-month moratoriums more defensible than a 12-month ban. (The Troy Times Tribune (extension))
• Greenfield one-year data center moratorium, Greenfield City Council (MA). Citywide one-year moratorium; council may extend by 180 days. Greenfield City Council voted unanimously by roll call on Wednesday 16 September 2026 to adopt a one-year moratorium on data centers, brought by Precinct 7 Councilor Sarah Bolduc. The Planning Board will review zoning and research impacts on public safety, infrastructure, wildlife and natural resources. If the Planning Board has not produced recommendations within the year, the council may extend the moratorium by 180 days. (Greenfield Recorder)
• Rubix 2 GW data center, former AK Steel Ashland Works (Russell moratorium), City of Russell (KY). 2 GW proposed on a roughly 500-acre brownfield (about 300 acres in Russell); $55 million purchase agreement with Cleveland-Cliffs. Russell and Boyd County each have six-month moratoriums on data center construction that run to the end of 2026; Russell’s 180-day moratorium expires in December. Rubix, which has a $55 million agreement to buy the former AK Steel Ashland Works from Cleveland-Cliffs for a 2 GW facility, needs Russell to lift its moratorium before closing. Cleveland-Cliffs moved the closing deadline from 31 August to 25 September and then to 15 October 2026 to give Russell time to adopt zoning rules; city officials said zoning will come first. (The Daily Independent via Yahoo News (26 September 2026))
• Hyperscale data center and natural gas plant on BLM land near Henderson (Paradise Hills area), Bureau of Land Management / City of Henderson (NV). 1,000 MW data center with natural gas plant on 680 acres of federal land; the November 2025 application estimated construction at $1.5 billion to $2 billion (range, so capital_usd_m left null). A Texas-based developer canceled a proposed 1,000 MW hyperscale data center and natural gas plant on 680 acres of BLM land near the southeastern tip of Henderson, close to the Paradise Hills community. In a statement on Thursday 24 September 2026 the developer said it had consulted with the city and BLM and withdrew its application because of the city’s planned urban development in the same area. Skylar Opportunities LLC is an affiliate of Skylar Capital Management, the company behind the Boulder City Townsite project on BLM land (row 180). (Las Vegas Review-Journal)
• Microsoft Highlands data center campus annexation (about 3,460 acres, south Cheyenne), Laramie County District Court / City of Cheyenne (WY). About 3,460 acres annexed in July 2026 for a proposed 2.7 GW campus (Cowboy State Daily); no dollar figure stated. Laramie County homeowner Heather Madrid Donis filed two petitions in Laramie County District Court in September 2026 challenging the city’s approval of the roughly 3,460-acre annexation for Microsoft’s proposed 2.7 GW Highlands campus. One, filed 3 September, asks the court to void the 13 July annexation because the ordinance names U.S. Sen. Cynthia Lummis as landowner although Microsoft said it closed on the property 26 June; the other alleges the council violated the Open Meetings Act on 10 August when, after an executive session, it voted 8-1 to seek a court ruling on whether the annexation is subject to a referendum instead of acting on a petition with more than 3,000 signatures. The city declined to comment on ongoing litigation. (Cowboy State Daily)
• Project Blue energy service agreement with Tucson Electric Power (rehearing suit), Maricopa County Superior Court / Arizona Corporation Commission (AZ). 10-year energy service agreement between TEP and Project Blue; no MW or dollar figure stated in the source. Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes sued to force a rehearing of the 10-year energy service agreement between Tucson Electric Power and Project Blue about a month after the Arizona Corporation Commission approved it in December 2025, arguing the city of Tucson and others were denied due process, cost-shifting risks were ignored and the contract lets TEP and Project Blue set future rates without commission approval. Judge Randall H. Warner heard another round of arguments on 24 September 2026, discussed adding a stipulation making commission approval of rate changes explicit, and did not rule on the rehearing request. (KJZZ)
• Woodbury one-year data center moratorium, Woodbury City Council (MN). Citywide; covers new data centers and expansion beyond existing approvals, plus the largest water and sewer users; no pending applications. The Woodbury City Council approved a moratorium on 23 September 2026 on new data centers and expansion beyond existing approvals, giving the city up to a year to study water use, electricity demand, noise and zoning. The ordinance blocks related rezonings, comprehensive plan amendments, conditional use permits, variances and applications, and the council broadened it to building, electrical and right-of-way permits. The city said it has no active data center applications; existing facilities include two IronGate sites and a Medtronic facility. (Woodbury News Net)
• Winlock six-month data center moratorium, Winlock City Council (WA). Citywide; no project named. The Winlock City Council unanimously enacted a six-month moratorium on data center development at a special meeting on Wednesday 23 September 2026. Mayor Victoria Marincin said the pause is meant to let the Planning and Park Commission draft updated commercial and industrial building codes covering water supply and noise, not to stop data centers entirely. (The Chronicle (Centralia))
• Marshall County six-month data center moratorium (unincorporated areas), Marshall County Board of Supervisors (IA). Applications for data centers, AI computing facilities, data mining and cryptocurrency mining in unincorporated areas; no project named. The Marshall County Board of Supervisors voted 3-0 on Wednesday 23 September 2026 to adopt a resolution imposing a six-month moratorium on applications for data centers, AI computing facilities, data mining facilities and cryptocurrency mining operations. The final text removed the limit on how long the moratorium can be extended, and the Zoning Commission will hold monthly work sessions to draft an ordinance. (Times-Republican)
• Peosta data center moratorium (extended), Peosta City Council (IA). Citywide; no project named in the report. The Peosta City Council voted unanimously the week of 21 September 2026 to extend the city’s six-month data center moratorium by six months, to 18 June 2027. The original moratorium, passed earlier in 2026, was due to end in December; Mayor Russ Pfab said leaders felt that timeframe was not long enough. (Telegraph Herald)
• Lubbock 90-day large-scale data center moratorium process, Lubbock City Council (TX). Citywide; large-scale data centers; no project named. The Lubbock City Council voted 5-2 on 22 September 2026 to adopt a resolution starting the process for a 90-day moratorium on large-scale data centers, after the Save Lubbock group’s petition for an 18-month moratorium, which organizers said was not feasible under Texas law. Planning staff are to develop guidelines on water use, power reliability, zoning, noise and lighting while the ordinance is drafted, and a work session will be held within 90 days. The moratorium ordinance itself had not been adopted. (KCBD)

Sites added this period

• Barber Lake data center (Colorado City, TX). 168 MW, under_construction. Cipher Barber Lake LLC signed a 10-year lease with Fluidstack USA II Inc. on 25 September 2025 for a 168 MW critical IT facility in Colorado City, Texas, with Google backstopping certain Fluidstack obligations; delivery was then expected by September 2026. On 24 September 2026 Cipher amended the lease and signed a binding commitment with an unnamed leading AI lab for a further 10-year lease after the Fluidstack term, taking contracted revenue from $3.8 billion to over $9 billion. Tenant change orders set a phased delivery of data halls between the fourth quarter of 2026 and the first quarter of 2027, with first rent expected in the fourth quarter of 2026. (Cipher Digital Form 8-K, 25 September 2026 (SEC))
• Delta Forge 2 AI Factory campus (Brookwood, AL). $3.2B, 210 MW, approved. Applied Digital confirmed on 24 September 2026 that its Delta Forge 2 campus, first announced on 8 June 2026 with a 210 MW lease in an unnamed southern state, will be built on part of its roughly 1,300-acre Brookwood site: about 1.26 million square feet on a 160-acre footprint. The Tuscaloosa County Economic Development Authority unanimously approved the incentive package the same day. Initial operations are expected in the first quarter of 2028. This is a separate project from the Youngwoo & Associates rezoning in Brookwood (youngwoo-project-brookwood-al). (Tuscaloosa Thread, 24 September 2026)
• Amazon Montgomery County data center campus (Montgomery County, MO). $10.0B, announced. Amazon will build a data center campus in Montgomery County, Missouri, announced by Gov. Mike Kehoe on Monday 15 June 2026 at $10 billion. Amazon expects more than 400 full-time jobs and thousands of construction jobs, more than $7 million of community contributions, road improvements including a bridge over the Norfolk Southern Railway, and a water system to be donated to the local water district. No timeline was given. (Construction Dive, 17 June 2026)
• Keel Scrubgrass data center (former Scrubgrass power plant) (Scrubgrass Township (near Clintonville), PA). 1300 MW, proposed. Keel Infrastructure, which bought the Scrubgrass Township power plant on the Allegheny River about 18 months ago and used it for bitcoin mining, plans to convert the plant to natural gas and build up to about 1,300 MW of data center capacity with up to 550 MW of new gas generation. Keel held three town halls in Clintonville on Tuesday 22 September 2026. No design or permit has been submitted; Keel hopes to break ground in 2027. (WJET/WFXP (via MSN))
• Jurassic Spark data center and power campus (Wellington (east of), UT). proposed. Altigen, which builds natural gas plants for data centers, selected about 1,200 acres east of Wellington, Utah for its ‘Jurassic Spark’ data center campus, per Carbon County Community Economic Development Board minutes. Commissioner Larry Jensen said the plan calls for a 250 MW gas plant initially, possibly growing to 3 GW. In May 2026 the county commission unanimously approved a preliminary agreement to take ownership of a pipeline right-of-way through BLM land for the project. Altigen did not comment. (The Salt Lake Tribune (via MSN), 24 September 2026)

Financing transactions added this period

• Cipher Digital (Cipher Barber Lake LLC), Fluidstack USA II Inc. and Unnamed leading AI lab. lease, Approximately $5.2 billion of incremental contracted revenue from the additional 10-year lease; total contracted revenue at Barber Lake rises from $3.8 billion to over $9 billion. The original $3.8 billion Fluidstack lease is not recorded separately in the atlas. Cipher amended its Barber Lake lease with Fluidstack and entered a binding commitment with an unnamed leading AI lab to lease the facility for 10 more years after the Fluidstack term, on economic terms substantially consistent with the existing lease, extending contracted term to 20 years. The amendment adds tenant change orders, a phased data hall delivery from the fourth quarter of 2026 to the first quarter of 2027 (the September 2025 filing had targeted delivery by September 2026), and a cost framework under which Cipher bears the first $359.3 million of overruns above the initial budget and the tenant reimburses 50% of costs above that amount as additional rent. (Cipher Digital Form 8-K, 25 September 2026 (SEC))
• Akamai Technologies and Anthropic. compute lease, $11.6 billion contractual commitment over seven years; expandable by up to a further $9 billion (about $20 billion potential total, not recorded). Akamai estimates about $5.5 billion of related capital expenditure and about $1.7 billion of added 2026 capex to pre-purchase supply chain components including memory. Akamai announced a $11.6 billion, seven-year commitment from Anthropic for Akamai Cloud distributed infrastructure and software to support Anthropic’s CPU workload growth. Akamai issued Anthropic a warrant for non-voting convertible Series B preferred stock equal to 7.7 million common shares (up to about 5% of outstanding common stock) at $111.33 per share; about 2% is expected to vest with this commitment and about 1% vests with each further $3 billion of purchases. The release does not say where the capacity is located. (Akamai press release, Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1 (SEC))
• Atlas Energy Solutions, Unnamed leading frontier AI lab and Caterpillar. equipment order, No dollar value disclosed; 283 MW of incremental Caterpillar generation purchase commitments plus a 328 MW purchase for 2027 delivery under the existing Caterpillar Global Framework Agreement. Two Atlas subsidiaries signed cost reimbursement agreements with an unnamed frontier AI lab alongside equipment purchase agreements for specific data center projects. The first covers balance-of-plant equipment (emissions controls, electrical distribution, battery storage) for Atlas’s existing Caterpillar generator orders; the second supports an incremental 283 MW of Caterpillar power generation purchases for the initial power ramp of a separate data center project. Atlas also executed a purchase agreement for 328 MW of generating capacity for 2027 deliveries under its Global Framework Agreement. Atlas said the parties are working toward long-term power purchase agreements. Project locations are not disclosed. (Atlas Energy Solutions press release, Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1 (SEC))
• Applied Digital and Unnamed U.S.-based high investment-grade hyperscaler. lease, About $5.2 billion of base-term contracted revenue over 15 years; about $12.7 billion if all renewal options are exercised over 30 years (not recorded). Applied Digital signed a 15-year take-or-pay lease for 210 MW of critical IT load at Delta Forge 2 with a U.S.-based high investment-grade hyperscaler, its third lease with that tenant, taking its contracted portfolio to about $36 billion across five campuses. Initial operations are anticipated in the first quarter of 2028. The company confirmed Brookwood, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama as the location on 24 September 2026. (Applied Digital press release, 8 June 2026 (GlobeNewswire via Nasdaq))
• New Era Energy & Digital, Mizuho Securities USA, B. Riley Securities, Northland Securities, Texas Capital Securities, BTIG and Roth Capital Partners. equity raise, Up to $100 million aggregate offering price of common stock; an at-the-market program with no obligation to sell, so the amount is capacity, not proceeds. New Era Energy & Digital entered an at-the-market sales agreement for up to $100 million of common stock. The accompanying disclosure says the company is negotiating directly with multiple potential tenants, including one of the world’s largest consumers of AI infrastructure, as anchor tenant for its flagship Texas Critical Data Centers project, and flags that the 21 September 2026 Texas directive halting TCEQ permits for data centers (at-risk row 769) may delay permits for TCDC. (New Era Energy & Digital Form 8-K, 24 September 2026 (SEC))
• Crusoe and Boom Supersonic. equipment order, No order value recorded: the widely cited $1.25 billion was Boom’s total Superpower backlog at the December 2025 announcement, not a stated Crusoe contract value; the order has ended. Crusoe was the launch customer for Boom Supersonic’s Superpower natural gas turbine, ordering 29 units totaling 1.21 GW (42 MW each) for its AI data centers in December 2025. On 25 September 2026 Boom CEO Blake Scholl wrote on X that Crusoe and Boom are no longer launching the turbine together; Boom said it will deliver about 250 MW of turbines to other sites in 2027 and targets 1 GW in 2028. (Unite.AI, 25 September 2026)
• Crusoe and Thinking Machines Lab. compute lease, $65 million per year; term and total value not disclosed. Crusoe and Thinking Machines Lab announced a $65 million annual agreement for Crusoe Managed Inference to serve the lab’s production workloads on a dedicated deployment of NVIDIA HGX B200 systems on Crusoe Cloud. Crusoe said Managed Inference has passed $100 million in contracted ARR. The release does not name the data center location. (Crusoe press release (GlobeNewswire via Markets Insider))
• Tuscaloosa County Economic Development Authority and Applied Digital. other, $314.5 million of incentives over 20 years ($140.7 million ad valorem tax abatement plus $173.8 million construction-period sales and use tax); separately Applied Digital pays $270 million of community benefits over 20 years. Incentive value, not project capital. The TCEDA board unanimously approved incentives for Applied Digital’s $3.2 billion Delta Forge 2 campus near Brookwood: a 20-year ad valorem abatement valued at $140.7 million and construction-period sales and use tax abatements of $173.8 million. Applied Digital agreed to $270 million of community benefit payments over 20 years to be shared by Brookwood, Tuscaloosa, Northport and Tuscaloosa County. (Tuscaloosa Thread)
• Ault & Company and Hyperscale Data. preferred, $55 million invested to date in Series H convertible preferred stock (cumulative, not a single new tranche); right to buy up to $96 million more. Ault & Company, controlled by Milton ‘Todd’ Ault III, said it has invested $55 million of direct capital in Hyperscale Data through Series H convertible preferred stock and retains the right to buy up to an additional $96 million. Ault & Company and affiliates beneficially own about 62% of Hyperscale Data. The release cites Hyperscale Data’s investment of more than $70 million in its Michigan AI data center operated by subsidiary Alliance Cloud Services. (Ault & Company release (PR Newswire))
• Oracle, Bloom Energy and BorderPlex Digital Assets. power supply agreement, No dollar value disclosed; up to 2.45 GW of installed Bloom fuel cell capacity (Bloom and press cite 2.4 GW). Oracle and BorderPlex Digital Assets announced on 27 April 2026 that Project Jupiter in Dona Ana County, New Mexico will be fully powered by up to 2.45 GW of Bloom Energy fuel cells as part of Oracle and Bloom’s expanded partnership, replacing previously planned gas turbines and diesel generators with a single microgrid. After Bloomberg reported Oracle’s force majeure notice on 24 September 2026, Bloom said on 25 September that Oracle remains committed to the project and to its contract for 2.4 GW, and that the project remains on schedule; the gas pipeline and the fuel cell air-quality permit are still pending. (Oracle release, 27 April 2026)
• USD.AI and Undisclosed publicly listed GPU cloud provider. debt facility, $128.9 million asset-backed GPU financing facility secured by GPU infrastructure; USD.AI’s largest to date. USD.AI announced a $128.9 million asset-backed financing facility supporting the deployment of 32 NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 systems in British Columbia, Canada, for an undisclosed publicly listed GPU cloud provider that runs clusters across North America, South America and Europe under multi-year contracts with investment-grade counterparties. It exceeds USD.AI’s previous record of $98.1 million from June 2026. (USD.AI release (via Yahoo Finance))

Status changes

• Circle T Data Center (Westlake). court halt, now litigation. On 17 August 2026 Judge Kimberly Fitzpatrick of the 342nd District Court issued a temporary restraining order, sought by The Lakes at Marshall Ridge Homeowners Association in Keller and two residents, blocking the Westlake Town Council from approving the Circle T Data Center development agreement. At a 26 August hearing the restraint was extended through 8 September 2026. Plaintiffs allege the site plan lacked required setbacks and that building height was raised from 45 to 80 feet without proper notice. Separately, the Keller City Council approved a motion to begin a 90-day moratorium process within its own limits. On 26 August 2026 Judge Kimberly Fitzpatrick of the 342nd District Court extended the temporary restraining order barring a Westlake vote on the data center development plans until a 10 a.m. hearing on 8 September 2026. The Fort Worth Star-Telegram describes the project as a 1.1 million-square-foot complex on 87.9 acres at 13580 Denton Highway, 506 feet from homes in Keller’s Lakes at Marshall Ridge neighborhood, and reports the Keller City Council passed a resolution opposing the project and authorizing legal action. On 15 September 2026 the Westlake Town Council voted unanimously not to renew its police services agreement with Keller, which expires in 2028, amid the dispute. The Dallas Morning News describes Circle T as eight buildings on 88 acres. The Fort Worth Star-Telegram reported on 16 September 2026 that the judge has extended the temporary restraining order against a Westlake vote twice to allow more time to study evidence, and that the latest hearing is scheduled for 25 September 2026. On Friday 25 September 2026 Judge Kimberly Fitzpatrick dissolved the temporary restraining order that had kept Westlake from voting to approve the data center, after criticizing both sides for filing about 1,000 pages of documents the night before, and set a 23 October 2026 hearing on the Lakes at Marshall Ridge Homeowners Association lawsuit, in which the city of Keller is an intervener. Westlake said it was pleased and would continue to follow Governor Abbott’s directives on data center development; Keller’s mayor and an intervening resident said the suit continues.
• Shetland Park data center building permit (Salem). blocked, now denied. Salem issued a building permit on 18 May 2026 for a building initially described as housing an IT services company, then revoked it in late June 2026 after detailed construction documents showed what the city classifies as a data center, a use not allowed under zoning. Developer Prime Group Holding appealed the revocation to the Zoning Board of Appeals, with a vote expected on 16 September 2026, and argues the facility is not a data center. Mayor Dominick Pangallo urged the board to uphold the revocation and has separately proposed a citywide data center ban that the City Council has not passed. On 16 September 2026 the Salem Zoning Board of Appeals voted unanimously to uphold the revocation of the permit for the 12,000 sq ft building it deemed a data center at Shetland Park. Mayor Pangallo’s citywide ban ordinance had not been passed by the City Council.
• Palm Beach County one-year moratorium on large-scale data centers (first reading). other, now moratorium. Palm Beach County commissioners voted 7-0 to approve the first reading of a one-year moratorium on large-scale data centers, defined as facilities expected to use 50 megawatts or more at peak demand, with power evaluated across an entire site to prevent splitting projects. WLRN reported the freeze was prompted by Project Tango, which requested 600 megawatts, and that a second hearing and potential adoption is scheduled for 24 September. Commissioners also discussed a task force and decommissioning requirements. On Thursday 24 September 2026 the Board of County Commissioners gave unanimous final approval to the moratorium (CBS12 reported the vote as 6-0). The county may not accept, process or approve zoning requests or related comprehensive plan amendments for data centers with an anticipated peak load of 50 MW or more in unincorporated areas. The pause ends on 24 September 2027 or earlier if the county adopts permanent rules. Applications deemed sufficient before the moratorium can continue under prior rules, and facilities under 50 MW may apply if a Florida-licensed engineer certifies the load. Commissioners rejected a nine-member advisory committee and asked staff to bring back a consultant contract.

Capital at risk, records updated

Same status as before; the record gained a new development or source.

• Markley facility (moratorium). One-year moratorium, +180-day option. Residents appealed the Massachusetts DEP air permit, which allowed up to eight more diesel generators (27 in total), in April 2026. On 10 August 2026 Superior Court Judge William Barrett allowed a stay of the permit for the four backup diesel generators not yet installed, while Markley may operate the four already installed. Markley said it expects the court to find for DEP and Markley once the full record is before it.
• Project Tango (denied). Denied 5-1 without prejudice. The expansion, which requested about 600 MW, was denied in July 2026. PBA Holdings formally challenged the denial under the Florida Land Use and Environmental Dispute Resolution Act, reported 19 August 2026, asking the county to send the dispute to a special magistrate; it alleges commissioners applied standards outside the zoning code and says its losses could reach hundreds of millions of dollars. The county’s one-year moratorium adopted 24 September 2026 does not undo a 2016 approval for two 100,000 sq ft data center buildings on the site, and the developer has said it can pursue that smaller plan.
• NorthMark / Valara computing center (litigation). $2.8B conversion of a former Kohler kitchen/bath plant (also a longtime bitcoin-mining site) into a computing center. State regulators initially approved ~50MW; company sought to expand to 450MW (five 17MW plus six 54MW natural gas turbines, atop 24 existing 2MW generators). On 27 August 2026 the South Carolina Public Service Commission ruled unanimously, with Commissioner David Britt recused, that the Utility Facility Siting and Environmental Protection Act does not apply to NorthMark’s 457 MW on-site power station on Pine Street in Spartanburg because it generates power for internal use rather than export to the grid, and that only the Office of Regulatory Staff can enforce the Act. The Southern Environmental Law Center opposed the ruling and may seek reconsideration or appeal. Concerned Citizens of Spartanburg County filed a further suit in the Seventh Judicial Circuit Court asking the court to require the county to apply its land development ordinance and to make Valara obtain a major land development permit before the full planning commission; a hearing was held Thursday 17 September 2026. The South Carolina Department of Environmental Services granted NorthMark and Valara an air permit on 18 September 2026 to build 11 natural gas turbines at the Pine Street data center in Spartanburg, adding 408 MW to the 48 MW already permitted, for 457 MW in total. The permit sets rolling 12-month limits of 250 tons for volatile organic compounds, 250 tons for nitrogen oxides and 25 tons for hazardous air pollutants, with no single hazardous pollutant above 10 tons, and requires quarterly reporting in the first year of operation. The Southern Environmental Law Center criticized the permit. The separate lawsuit over the county land development permit remains pending. SELC, for Concerned Citizens of Spartanburg County and the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, has asked the Public Service Commission to reconsider its August decision not to review the power plant under the Siting Act; SELC says the commission has 30 days to decide (Herald-Journal, 24 September 2026).
• Pahrump Valley data center ban (Nye County Bill No. 2026-11) (moratorium). County commissioners voted 5-0 on 18 August 2026 to adopt Bill No. 2026-11, amending Nye County Code Title 17 to prohibit data center development in the Pahrump Valley and Hydrographic Basin 162, an over-appropriated basin. A separate motion setting a 14 September 2026 public hearing on land use standards for data centers elsewhere in the county passed 4-1. A proposal to put the ban to a special election died without a motion. Earlier in September 2026 CDDC, LLC and 9 of a Kind, LLC, which own nearly 911 acres along Carpenter Canyon Road and State Route 160 planned for the Manse Technology Campus (MTC Project), petitioned the Nye County district court to reverse the ban (Ordinance No. 631), allow the project to proceed and award attorney’s fees, arguing the ordinance disregarded their investment made in reliance on existing zoning and violated their property rights. Commissioner Ian Bayne, who proposed the ban, said he remained confident in it. No initial court date had been scheduled as of 25 September 2026.
• Project Jupiter permitting stay (Oracle campus) (delayed). The New Mexico Supreme Court unanimously granted two stays reported 24 August 2026. It halted the New Mexico Environment Department air quality permit hearing set to open 14 September 2026 in Sunland Park on the campus’s on-site methane fuel-cell microgrid, and it ordered the Office of the State Engineer to pause emergency authorization of water from a newly constructed well used for construction. New Energy Economy petitioned on the air permit, arguing the department cannot hold a hearing before the project’s fuel source is established; the Center for Biological Diversity petitioned on the water authorization. The designated hearing officer withdrew from the case, and a replacement will be appointed after the stay is lifted. Site work continued after the New Mexico Supreme Court order pausing the air quality permit process and the State Engineer water permit, with 2,105 construction workers on site as of 30 June 2026 per Oracle records reported by Searchlight New Mexico. On 8 September 2026 Oracle issued an RFP for 2 GW of new New Mexico renewable generation deliverable between 2027 and 2031, tied to 100% carbon-free matching for Project Jupiter by 2031, and offered up to $1 million for carbon capture research on the Bloom fuel cells On Thursday 17 September 2026 the New Mexico Supreme Court unanimously denied, without comment, New Energy Economy’s air-permit petition and the Center for Biological Diversity’s air-permit and emergency-well petitions and lifted both stays, so the air permit and State Engineer proceedings can resume; no replacement hearing officer or hearing date had been named. Separately, the FT reported via Reuters on 18 September 2026 that about $18 billion of loans tied to the campus were quoted at 89 to 91 cents on the dollar. As of 25 September 2026 the New Mexico Environment Department had not appointed a new hearing officer for the air quality permit; the department said the new officer will set the hearing schedule once appointed and that 23 November 2026 remains its deadline for a permit decision.
• xAI Southaven data center power plant (litigation). xAI’s Southaven site runs gas turbines to power its Memphis-area data centers, and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality issued an air permit for 41 permanent turbines. The NAACP filed a challenge in April 2026 alleging significant pollutant emissions and contesting the permit. Three Southaven residents filed suit in June 2026 alleging near-constant noise and vibration harming their health. The plant continues to operate. On 30 July 2026 the Mississippi Commission of Environmental Quality and MZX Tech LLC entered an Agreed Order covering the 69 mobile turbines at the Stanton Road facility, setting a retirement schedule after supply chain delays pushed back some of the 41 permitted stationary turbines. SpaceXAI said all temporary turbines would be removed by July 2027 as its 1.2 GW permanent plant comes online, and announced on 31 August 2026 that 11 of the 69 turbines had been powered down. A class action over turbine noise is pending in the US District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi On 30 July 2026 SpaceX announced an agreement with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality setting a timeline to remove all 69 temporary mobile turbines at the Southaven power site, starting as early as August and finishing by July 2027, as the 1.2 GW permanent plant of 41 turbines permitted in March 2026 comes online. On 23 September 2026 Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein and Greer Injury Lawyers filed a federal class action in Tennessee against X.AI Corp and MZX Tech LLC on behalf of southern Memphis residents, alleging noise ordinance violations, private and public nuisance, negligence, negligence per se and trespass from the data centers and gas-turbine plant on the Tennessee and Mississippi border. It seeks damages, abatement and an injunction to cease operations unless they can run without harming the community.
• Manatee County 12-month data center moratorium (other). Manatee County commissioners unanimously approved a 12-month moratorium on data center applications while the county studies environmental and residential impacts. The motion passed without public discussion. WUSF reported the Board of County Commissioners first voted unanimously in favor of the moratorium on large-load customers, including AI facilities and cryptocurrency mining, at its 28 July 2026 meeting. The moratorium ordinance itself had not been finally adopted in the window: the Planning Commission reviewed the draft on 17 September 2026 and the County Commission held its first reading on 22 September 2026. As drafted it would bar large-load customers and facilities with substantial utility demands from applying for building permits, site plans, rezones or comprehensive plan amendments for 12 months starting 22 September 2026. The Bradenton Herald reported that the 22 September 2026 meeting was the first public hearing, held without discussion, and that the ordinance is on the 6 October 2026 agenda for final approval.
• DANKO Holdings Muncy Township data center (litigation). Two Muncy Township residents filed a land use appeal in Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas against the township supervisors and the developer, challenging the deemed approval of a data center conditional use application and related curative zoning amendment. They argue the township failed to hold a hearing or act within the 60-day period required by state code, and that the developer-drafted amendment amounts to spot zoning. The developer filed its application in late April 2026, hours before supervisors passed a nine-month moratorium on high-intensity data centers, and is contesting the appeal. The appeal was filed 14 August 2026 by neighbors Rae-Ellah and Sean Tetreault. Danko Holdings II, LP and Fishlips, LLC (owned by The Liberty Group) filed a motion to quash on 28 August 2026, arguing the appeal targets the deemed-denied curative amendment rather than the deemed-approved conditional use. The township asked for a remand for a conditional use hearing. Judge William P. Carlucci scheduled argument for 6 November 2026.
• Hawkins County data center and crypto mining ban resolution (litigation). The Hawkins County Commission passed a resolution banning data centers and cryptocurrency mines by 12 votes, with two commissioners absent, after earlier similar measures. The county’s ban is the subject of a federal lawsuit filed by the Beacon Center of Tennessee on behalf of ExoticRidge Crypto Company LLC, which claims the ban is unconstitutional, arbitrary and enacted in violation of state law. A ruling for the company would invalidate the new resolution. ExoticRidge Crypto Company filed a supplemental complaint on 11 September 2026 alleging the county’s 2023 ‘constitutional sanctuary’ resolution conflicts with the bans, that it should be grandfathered under state law, and that the county violated the County Zoning Act and Open Meetings Act. The case is set for a jury trial in January 2028.
• Salem 3 data center overlay (Salem Township) (litigation). Luzerne County Judge Lesa S. Gelb ruled that the Salem Township Planning Commission violated the Sunshine Act at a July 2026 meeting on a data center zoning overlay for the Salem 3 project, after eight residents sued without a lawyer, and ordered a new meeting. The commission voted 4-0-1 on 27 August 2026 to again recommend the overlay, but that vote was later also found invalid under the judge’s written order, and the commission planned a third vote. Township supervisors are expected to take up the overlay in October 2026. On Thursday 24 September 2026 the Planning Commission approved the overlay expansion for the third time, 4-0 with Susan Lynn abstaining as a landowner in the project area. The expansion covers more than 4,000 acres for 4-3 Glennbrook Group’s Salem 3 project, which the Times Leader describes as a $1.4 billion data center project. The developer agreed to larger setbacks and a 65-foot maximum height. The Board of Supervisors is scheduled to take it up in October 2026.
• Butte-Silver Bow data center voter-approval ballot initiative (406 People First) (under appeal). 406 People First collected signatures for a Butte-Silver Bow initiative letting voters approve or reject data center development, after county officials told organizers the deadline was 14 August 2026. On 10 August the election administrator said state law required submission by 13 July, and the group sued on 12 August. In a 28 August 2026 ruling, District Judge Frank Joseph rejected the constitutional challenge and denied certification for the November ballot. The plaintiffs appealed to the Montana Supreme Court. On Tuesday 22 September 2026 the Montana Supreme Court granted an injunction, which the county did not oppose, barring Butte-Silver Bow from rejecting the initiative over the missed deadline while the appeal proceeds, so it can appear on the November ballot; the justices noted the result could still be invalidated if they later rule it was improperly placed. The initiative would require approval by two-thirds of all registered voters in a special election before the county could authorize a data center’s construction or expansion. On 23 September the county said ballots had already been printed, and some mailed and returned, without the measure and asked the court for direction, proposing modified or supplemental ballots. On Thursday 24 September 2026 the Montana Supreme Court vacated its own 22 September injunction, less than 48 hours after issuing it, so the initiative will not appear on the November ballot. The court said it stood by its earlier reasoning but would not have granted the injunction had it known ballots were already printed and mailed, with some returned, and that Montana election law provides no process for adding an initiative or issuing supplemental ballots after ballots are prepared. The proponents, 406 People First, asked the court to reconsider; KBZK reported on 26 September 2026 that the court denied the rehearing petition, finding no exceptional circumstances.
• DAMAC Digital Edgerton data center (citizen ban petition) (litigation). In mid-July 2026 the Edgerton City Council voted to deny a data center moratorium and overrode a planning commission rejection to approve final site plans for DAMAC Digital’s US$860 million data center. Residents then filed a petition with 208 signatures to ban large data centers, which county officials validated, but the city sued to stop it. On Thursday 3 September 2026 Johnson County District Judge Stephanie Goodenow ruled the city’s suit violated the Kansas Public Speech Protection Act and that the petition can move forward for now. On Thursday 24 September 2026 petition organizers Carrie Schmidt and Kim Twente argued for a writ of mandamus ordering the city to submit the ban referendum to the Johnson County Election Office; attorneys for Edgerton and DAMAC argued the plan is not subject to a referendum. Briefs are due 9 October 2026, after which Judge Stephanie Goodenow will issue a written opinion. Organizers said the timeline rules out the November ballot and they hope for a special election.
• East Whiteland Township data center moratorium (moratorium). East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, enacted a local data center moratorium or ban, recorded in SAVRN’s moratorium tracker as dated March 2026. 180-day moratorium, board declared parts of data center zoning ‘substantively invalid’ and launched curative amendment. Developer Green Fig withdrew 1.7M sq ft application in May after sustained public opposition. The measure has a stated duration whose end date is not recorded. On Thursday 24 September 2026 the Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to approve a 32-page data center ordinance, after holding a moratorium for months while it re-examined zoning. The ordinance sets separation from homes, schools, daycares, parks and churches and addresses noise, water, cooling and power; it does not affect the 1.5 million sq ft project under construction at the former Cyprus Foote Mineral site.
• Scott County data center moratorium (moratorium). Scott County, Kentucky, enacted a local data center moratorium or ban, recorded in SAVRN’s moratorium tracker as dated March 2026. Fiscal court approves six-month moratorium to allow time for siting ordinance and zoning changes; proactive, no DC currently proposed. The measure runs to 13 September 2026. On Thursday 24 September 2026 the Scott County Fiscal Court voted to extend the moratorium, which was set to expire in December, until March so the Georgetown-Scott County Planning Commission can finish data center rules.
• Orchard Hills data center rezoning (Trammell Crow) (other). The Planning Commission recommended denial of the land-use map and rezoning amendments on 8 September 2026; the council held first reading and a public hearing without a vote on 14 September 2026, and the first annexation vote is set for 28 September 2026. On Monday 21 September 2026 the council’s Public Services Committee recommended approval of the annexation and initial agricultural zoning on second reading, voted to amend the zoning map and to overrule the Planning Commission’s denial of the future land-use map amendment, and postponed the land-use map item to align with the annexation process. The 162-acre site adjoins Meta’s Cheyenne campus.
• Spartanburg County one-year data center moratorium (moratorium). Spartanburg County Council voted 5-1 on Monday 21 September 2026 on third and final reading to adopt a one-year moratorium on new data centers, with Councilwoman Jessica Coker voting no. Council adopted four amendments before the vote. Applications for new data centers received after first reading are held in abeyance. Data centers of 65 MW or less may still be built if they are in an established industrial park or on a former industrial site, do not generate their own electricity except for emergency backup, have storing, managing and processing data as their primary function, and are not on the same parcel as, in the same industrial park as, or within one mile of another data center. The moratorium does not apply to data centers that received a development permit within the 12 months before adoption, so the Valara data center under construction on South Pine Street is not affected. Ancillary business server rooms and cryptocurrency mining, which is regulated separately, are also exempt. After adjourning on 21 September 2026, council reconvened without public notice and voted to reconsider third reading; the county then posted a slightly more restrictive summary, attributed the difference to a scrivener’s error, and said council will formally re-adopt the online version at its October meeting. South Carolina Press Association attorney Jay Bender said the reconvening was an illegal meeting, so the version passed on third reading remains in effect.
• Project Jupiter force majeure notice (Oracle, Doña Ana County) (other). Bloomberg News reported on 24 September 2026, citing people familiar with the situation, that Oracle sent a notice citing force majeure to the project’s developer, which Bloomberg describes as a unit of Blue Owl Capital. The notice is intended to let Oracle put off payments if Project Jupiter is derailed and fails to come online in 2028 as planned, rather than to exit as the main tenant; Bloomberg said it is not certain the notice would release Oracle from its agreed financial obligations. Reuters, which carried the report, could not independently verify it, and Oracle and Blue Owl did not immediately comment. Oracle shares fell about 4 percent in premarket trading after the report, per Reuters. The notice follows the Financial Times report on 18 September 2026 that the roughly $18 billion of construction loans for the campus were quoted at 89 to 91 cents on the dollar, the New Mexico Supreme Court permitting stays (row 131) and the July 2026 denial of the Green Chile gas pipeline route (row 346). The Wall Street Journal reported on 25 September 2026 that Oracle delivered the notice earlier that week to Stack Infrastructure, the Blue Owl-owned developer, to push back the date at which it pays full rent; the lease, on hell-or-high-water terms per people familiar with it, lets Oracle do so for up to three years, with the lease term extended correspondingly. The first phase had been expected in the third quarter of 2028. Oracle said Project Jupiter remains on its planned schedule and that such notices are commonplace; Blue Owl said the notice does not change the financial commitments. The WSJ also reported that Oracle removed one of its land and power partners, identified by the Daily Caller as BorderPlex Digital Assets, and that about 20 banks provided $18 billion of construction financing with Blue Owl funds contributing about $3 billion of equity. A New Mexico Environment Department spokesman told the Daily Caller News Foundation that no replacement hearing officer had been appointed for the air permit and that 23 November 2026 remains the department’s decision deadline.

Sites updated

• Stargate site, Dona Ana (announced). Oracle told El Paso Matters on 24 September 2026 that the project remains on schedule; Bisnow, citing Reuters, reported a one-year delay over power. Bisnow reports Blue Owl contributed $3 billion of equity alongside the $18 billion debt commitment and that Bloom Energy fuel cells are planned to power the 2.4 GW campus
• CleanSpark Sandersville data center. Lease announced 14 July 2026; tenant named 17 September 2026; notes priced 18 September 2026 and closed 25 September 2026
• Google potential Lea County data center. On Thursday 24 September 2026 Google and partner Excelsior Energy Capital presented the project to Lea County commissioners, who voted to consider over $134 billion of industrial revenue bonds. The plan is two 900,000-square-foot buildings on 1,890 acres, about 1,700 construction jobs and 125 permanent jobs, a 9.6 million gallon one-time fill for closed-loop cooling and about 42,000 gallons a day of municipal water once staffed
• Salem 3 data center campus. On Thursday 24 September 2026 the Salem Township Planning Commission voted again, with Susan Lynn abstaining as a landowner, to recommend the Special Data Center Overlay expansion of more than 4,000 acres for the $1.4 billion Salem 3 project. The third vote followed a Sunshine Act suit over the 23 July meeting and a stay in Judge Lesa S. Gelb’s written order that the commission had not seen before its 27 August vote. Developer Jack Sordoni agreed to larger setbacks, a 65-foot height cap and baseline testing of every well in the township at his expense. The Board of Supervisors is to consider it in October
• Niagara Falls AI campus (figures now $920M, 300 MW). The 25 September 2026 investor presentation describes the Niagara Falls site as 50 MW energized with a path to 300 MW or more

Financing transactions updated

• CleanSpark, Inc., CSDC Finance I, LLC (issuer) and CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC (guarantor). $2.276 billion of 7.875% senior secured notes due 2031, priced at 98.500% of principal (upsized from the proposed $2.227 billion). Priced 18 September 2026 (purchase agreement); closed 25 September 2026 (Form 8-K filed 25 September 2026)
• MARA Holdings, Volt Texas, LLC and HIF USA LLC. Maximum potential consideration of $600.0 million, payable as post-closing milestone payments tied to regulatory approvals, power authorization and a data center lease; no upfront amount disclosed. Agreement signed and closed 2 July 2026; announced 9 July 2026; First Amendment signed 21 September 2026 (Form 8-K filed 25 September 2026)
• Blockfusion USA, Inc., North East Data, LLC and CoreWeave. Amount $2.8B, previously n.a.. About $2.8 billion of expected revenue over the initial 15-year terms across 85 MW of committed take-or-pay critical IT load (35 MW under the lease plus 50 MW under the expansion agreement), assuming CoreWeave activates the expansion to 85 MW; about $5.4 billion if all renewal options are exercised (25 years). Company projection in the updated investor presentation furnished 25 September 2026. Announced 16 September 2026
• Nscale, Nvidia, Third Point and Goldman Sachs. Amount $3.4B, previously $3.1B. $3.36 billion: a $2.36 billion convertible loan note tranche plus a $1.0 billion NVIDIA commitment funding in mid-November 2026, per Bloomberg citing the company statement and filing; the Form S-1 of 18 September 2026 had given a minimum of $3.1 billion. Subscription Agreement entered 15 September 2026 (Form S-1 filed 18 September 2026); completion announced 25 September 2026; NVIDIA portion to close on or around 16 November 2026
• Switch. 176.5 acres in Apex Industrial Park bought from two separate sellers, per property records. Closed 31 August 2026; reported 10 September 2026

How to read this

Every figure in the atlas links to the page that states it. Where a value could not be confirmed from a fetched source, the entry reads n.a. rather than an estimate, and roughly two-thirds of the capital-at-risk rows carry either a dollar figure or a megawatt figure but not both, because local rezoning dockets disclose acreage and square footage while investment figures come from economic-development announcements that a withdrawn project never makes. The dollar total of the rows that do disclose a figure is therefore a floor, not a census.

The atlas sits alongside two companion references: the Nationwide Data Center Delay Watchlist, which tracks project-level slippage, queues, and securities filings, and the U.S. Data Center Moratorium Tracker, which maps state and local policy measures. All citations behind this atlas are listed on one page.