Research Papers

While modern AI detectors identify who wrote the words, emerging policies on AI use increasingly hinge on a different question: who came up with the ideas? We introduce IdeaLens, a detector that identifies whether a document's ideas came from a human or AI (idea provenance), regardless of who wrote its words. To focus IdeaLens on ideas rather than prose, we represent documents as outlines: lists of items that each…

Reinforcement learning can turn one language model into several specialists, each excellent at a single skill such as mathematics, coding or following instructions, but users need one model with all of these skills. Multi-teacher on-policy distillation (MOPD) merges them by letting the specialists teach one student: the student answers each prompt, and the specialist for that prompt's domain gives feedback on every…

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) expose a denoised solution at every step, which makes process reward model (PRM) guidance look like a way to spend compute at test time. We show that once denoising, PRM scoring, and outcome reward model (ORM) scoring are charged in the same budget of forward passes, its deterministic form loses to a much simpler baseline. Our PRMs score intermediate denoising states and…

Model merging integrates the capabilities of multiple experts without joint retraining, but standard expert training optimizes task loss alone and does not guarantee good performance after merging. Merge-aware training (MAT) aims to improve merged performance, but existing methods do not fully account for common merging operations and add training cost. We observe that, from an expert's perspective, common merging…

Fine-grained visual perception in MLLMs is commonly improved by raising the resolution, but the added visual tokens inflate vision-encoding and language-model prefilling costs. We show that the two operations underlying fine-grained perception, localizing the region of interest (RoI) and recognizing its content, have different resolution requirements. In a controlled diagnostic, localization tolerates roughly 3 to 4…

Adapting a pretrained autoregressive (AR) model is a cost-efficient route to a diffusion language model (DLM). While nearly all such adaptations start from a full-attention transformer, AR modeling has shifted toward hybrid architectures that interleave attention and RNN layers. This creates an obstacle for adaptation: unlike attention, RNNs are structurally causal and nontrivial to bidirectionalize. Despite this…

Generations from large language models often fail to conform to desired constraints such as JSON schema. Existing locally constrained decoding (LCD) approaches enforce constraints by myopically masking out next tokens, resulting in biased sampling and degradation in performance. Recent work uses sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods to mitigate such biases, but designing effective proposal distributions or potential…

We introduce Gemma 4, a new generation of open-weight, natively multimodal language models in the Gemma model family. Designed to advance compute efficiency and reasoning, the Gemma 4 model suite features dense and Mixture-of-Experts architectures, ranging from 2.3B to 31B parameters. Alongside improved vision and audio encoders for all model sizes, we propose a unified, encoder-free architecture for our 12B model…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive results on general vision-language tasks, yet they suffer from hallucination, imprecise localization, and prohibitive computational cost when applied to dedicated OCR scenarios. This paper presents PP-OCRv6, a lightweight OCR system that combines architectural innovation with data-centric optimization. PP-OCRv6 redesigns the backbone, detection neck, and…

We show that time series foundation models scale: a single training recipe produces reliable forecast-quality improvements from 4M to 2.5B parameters. We release Toto 2.0, a family of five open-weights forecasting models trained under this recipe. The Toto 2.0 family sets a new state of the art on three forecasting benchmarks: BOOM, our observability benchmark; GIFT-Eval, the standard general-purpose benchmark; and…

Recurrent-attention hybrids aim to combine the efficiency of recurrence with the expressivity of attention, but existing approaches typically apply attention uniformly across all positions, even when the recurrent state alone is sufficient for accurate prediction. We introduce AMOR (Adaptive Metacognitive Output Router), a post-hoc hybrid architecture that selectively invokes attention based on predictive…

Assigning one of K options to each of N groups under a total cost budget is a recurring problem in efficient AI, including mixed-precision quantization, non-uniform pruning, and expert selection. The objective, typically model loss, depends jointly on all assignments and does not decompose across groups, preventing combinatorial solvers from directly optimizing the true objective and forcing reliance on proxy…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to provide a single generalist controller for robots, but today's systems fall short on the criteria that matter for real-world deployment. Frontier models are closed, open-weight alternatives are tied to expensive hardware, reasoning-augmented policies pay prohibitive latency for their grounding, and fine-tuned success rates remain below the threshold for dependable use. We…

We introduce Nemotron 3 Nano Omni, the latest model in the Nemotron multimodal series and the first to natively support audio inputs alongside text, images, and video. Nemotron 3 Nano Omni delivers consistent accuracy improvements over its predecessor, Nemotron Nano V2 VL, across all modalities, enabled by advances in architecture, training data and recipes. In particular, Nemotron 3 delivers leading results in…

We present a preview version of DeepSeek-V4 series, including two strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models -- DeepSeek-V4-Pro with 1.6T parameters (49B activated) and DeepSeek-V4-Flash with 284B parameters (13B activated) -- both supporting a context length of one million tokens. DeepSeek-V4 series incorporate several key upgrades in architecture and optimization: (1) a hybrid attention architecture that…

Weight quantization has become a standard tool for efficient LLM deployment, especially for local inference, where models are now routinely served at 2-3 bits per parameter. The state of the art is currently split into two sets of methods: simple scalar quantization techniques, such as GPTQ or AWQ, which are widely deployed but plateau in accuracy at 3-4 bits per parameter (bpp), and "second-generation" vector- or…

This technical report presents MOSS-TTS, a speech generation foundation model built on a scalable recipe: discrete audio tokens, autoregressive modeling, and large-scale pretraining. Built on MOSS-Audio-Tokenizer, a causal Transformer tokenizer that compresses 24 kHz audio to 12.5 fps with variable-bitrate RVQ and unified semantic-acoustic representations, we release two complementary generators: MOSS-TTS, which…

We present V-JEPA 2.1, a family of self-supervised models that learn dense, high-quality visual representations for both images and videos while retaining strong global scene understanding. The approach combines four key components. First, a dense predictive loss uses a masking-based objective in which both visible and masked tokens contribute to the training signal, encouraging explicit spatial and temporal…

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) are revolutionizing the forecasting landscape from specific dataset modeling to generalizable task evaluation. However, we contend that existing benchmarks exhibit common limitations in four dimensions: constrained data composition dominated by reused legacy sources, compromised data integrity lacking rigorous quality assurance, misaligned task formulations detached from…

We present GLM-5, a next-generation foundation model designed to transition the paradigm of vibe coding to agentic engineering. Building upon the agentic, reasoning, and coding (ARC) capabilities of its predecessor, GLM-5 adopts DSA to significantly reduce training and inference costs while maintaining long-context fidelity. To advance model alignment and autonomy, we implement a new asynchronous reinforcement…

The recent surge in Time Series Foundation Models has rapidly advanced the field, yet the heterogeneous training setups across studies make it difficult to attribute improvements to architectural innovations versus data engineering. In this work, we investigate the potential of a standard patch Transformer, demonstrating that this generic architecture achieves state-of-the-art zero-shot forecasting performance using…

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but require inherently sequential decoding, leading to high inference latency and poor GPU utilization. Speculative decoding mitigates this bottleneck by using a fast draft model whose outputs are verified in parallel by the target LLM; however, existing methods still rely on autoregressive drafting, which remains sequential and limits practical…

In this report, we present the Qwen3-TTS series, a family of advanced multilingual, controllable, robust, and streaming text-to-speech models. Qwen3-TTS supports state-of-the-art 3-second voice cloning and description-based control, allowing both the creation of entirely novel voices and fine-grained manipulation over the output speech. Trained on over 5 million hours of speech data spanning 10 languages, Qwen3-TTS…

In this report, we introduce the Qwen3-VL-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Reranker model series, the latest extensions of the Qwen family built on the Qwen3-VL foundation model. Together, they provide an end-to-end pipeline for high-precision multimodal search by mapping diverse modalities, including text, images, document images, and video, into a unified representation space. The Qwen3-VL-Embedding model employs a…