Data Center Capital Atlas Update: October 3, 2026

This data center capital atlas update records what changed in the North American Data Center Capital Atlas, SAVRN’s primary-sourced record of who is funding data center capacity in North America, in what structure, at which site, and how much of that capital has been stopped. The atlas is refreshed every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and each refresh publishes a note like this one recording exactly what changed.

Where the record stands

Announced capital across the tracked cohort is reported as disclosed and is never summed into a single deployment figure: site commitments overlap one another and overlap reported capital expenditure. Blocked-and-delayed totals from different trackers cover different windows and definitions and are shown side by side rather than added.

Capital at risk, added this period

• County of Grande Prairie AI data centre development permit (Emerson Trail area near Sexsmith), County of Grande Prairie No. 1 / Alberta Land and Property Rights Tribunal (Alberta). Permit allows five buildings of 80 by 180 feet and 15 accessory structures of 8 by 20 feet; developer not named by the county; no dollar or MW figure disclosed. The County of Grande Prairie issued a development permit through its administrative process for an AI data centre in the Emerson Trail area near Sexsmith, after land-use changes heard on 10 August 2026. Following resident objections about the lack of notice, the county said future data centre permits will go to its municipal planning commission and that it will review its 2003 Land Use Bylaw. Nearby residents have filed appeals of the permit with the Alberta Land and Property Rights Tribunal. (Edmonton Journal (via MSN))
• Urbana Technology Hub data center (Thor Equities), City of Urbana / US District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (OH). $1 billion, 460,000 sq ft data center at Ohio 55 and US 68; Thor says it invested over $19 million. Urbana City Council passed an emergency 12-month moratorium on new data centers in March 2026 and in June 2026 repealed the zoning amendment that had allowed data centers on the site. Thor Equities then sued the city, the council and the Building and Zoning Appeals Board in federal court (reported 19 June 2026), saying it had invested over $19 million and filed a site plan in February. On 4 August 2026 the council sent a citizen-initiated charter amendment banning data center construction (with an exemption under 7.5 MW for single-organization facilities) to the 3 November 2026 ballot. Court-ordered mediation sessions on 21 and 25 September 2026 produced a settlement proposal from Thor that must be approved by the city council and the court; the next council meeting is 6 October 2026. (Springfield News-Sun)
• AWS Wilmington data center emergency rezoning (Cosler Farm), City of Wilmington (OH). $4 billion project; about 1.9 million sq ft on the 471-acre Cosler Farm parcel along South U.S. 68. On Thursday 3 September 2026 the Wilmington City Council passed ordinances as emergency measures rezoning the 471-acre Cosler Farm parcel to light industrial for a proposed $4 billion Amazon Web Services data center; emergency ordinances take effect immediately and are not subject to referendum under Ohio law. The vote was a redo after a federal judge found the city had violated open meeting rules. Resident Rachel Mary Brooks sued the city in Clinton County Common Pleas Court, arguing the declared emergency is illusory and was used to prevent a referendum; at a temporary restraining order hearing on 4 September the city agreed not to act on the rezoning for a week and not to interfere with signature gathering, and the local judge recused himself. WLWT reported that the case was set for trial at 1 p.m. on Friday 2 October 2026, and that Clinton County Citizens for Responsible Development announced on 1 October that it had gathered enough signatures for a referendum, whose fate depends on the court. No ruling was found. (FOX19)
• Marana data center rezoning referendum petitions (Beale Infrastructure), Town of Marana; Arizona Court of Appeals, Division Two (AZ). Two adjacent parcels of agricultural land rezoned for a data center; size and capital not stated in the fetched sources. The Marana Town Council unanimously rezoned two adjacent agricultural parcels for a data center in January 2026. In February 2026 the town clerk rejected two referendum petitions because the copies circulated to voters lacked required exhibits with the legal descriptions, and a Pima County Superior Court judge later upheld the rejection and denied a request by Beale subsidiary Fremont Peak Properties to compel the town to accept the petitions’ withdrawal. A three-judge panel of the Arizona Court of Appeals, Division Two, unanimously affirmed the judgment for the town, leaving the zoning approvals in place with no ballot vote. (Chamber Business News, 1 October 2026)

Capital at risk, added this period, newly verified from earlier periods

These entries were added in this cycle but their own dates fall before the current month. They are documentation catching up, not new activity.

• Cox Ranch data center annexation and rezoning (Skybox Datacenters and ViaWest Group), Cheyenne City Council (WY). About 1,260 acres west of Roundtop Road (about 1,198 acres per the Wyoming Tribune Eagle); no dollar or MW figure disclosed; end user not named. The Cox Ranch annexation for a data center campus was introduced in April 2026, drew public backlash and was unanimously postponed by the Cheyenne City Council until September. On Monday 28 September 2026 the council approved the annexation 8-2 on third and final reading and approved the accompanying zoning, allowing Skybox Datacenters and ViaWest Group to proceed. Residents criticized the city’s handling of data center expansion at the meeting. (Cowboy State Daily)
• Tulsa nine-month data center moratorium (Project Anthem exempt), Tulsa City Council (OK). Citywide pause on processing and approving new data center building permits; phases one and two of Meta’s Project Anthem exempt, Project Clydesdale unaffected. On Wednesday 25 March 2026 the Tulsa City Council voted unanimously to pause new data center construction for nine months, through 31 December 2026. Councilor Laura Bellis had sought a one-year moratorium and amended it to nine months. The measure pauses processing and approval of new data center building permits within city limits while the planning office reviews how data centers are classified in the zoning code. It exempts the first and second phases of Project Anthem in east Tulsa and does not affect Project Clydesdale, already under construction in north Tulsa. (Tulsa Flyer, 25 March 2026)
• Project Fighting Pike data center (Critical Data House), City of Williston (title acquisition under Hague Convention service) (ND). 450 acres; $10 billion as stated by the developer; MW not disclosed. Critical Data House originally said its $10 billion, 450-acre Williston data center would operate by January 2027. No work has started since the city approved the subdivision plat on 25 March 2025, because the company cannot take clear title until more than 1,100 foreign investors in an abandoned development on the land, mostly in Malaysia and Singapore, are served under Hague Convention procedures. The company told the Williston Herald it now expects operations in late 2028 or early 2029, with a 20 to 24 month build once it holds title. (Williston Herald, 17 September 2026)
• Sayreville 18-month data center moratorium (Ordinance 15-26), Borough of Sayreville (NJ). No project megawatt or dollar figure attached to the measure. The Sayreville Borough Council introduced Ordinance 15-26 on 15 June 2026 and adopted it on second reading on 20 July 2026. It prohibits the development of data centers in all zones of the borough for 18 months from adoption, adds a definition under which any use with a power density of 2 to 4 MW or more per acre is treated as a data center, and expressly applies the prohibition to the Hercules Redevelopment Plan area. The ordinance takes effect on publication and mayoral approval; the posted copy does not show the mayor’s signature date. (Borough of Sayreville, Ordinance 15-26)
• East Rutherford data center prohibition (Ordinance 2026-12), Borough of East Rutherford (NJ). No project megawatt or dollar figure attached to the measure. The governing body of East Rutherford adopted Ordinance 2026-12 on second and final reading on 16 June 2026. It amends Chapter 389 (Zoning) of the borough code to confirm that data centers are prohibited uses and structures in all zoning districts, except those within the jurisdiction of the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission, where the borough’s zoning does not govern. (Borough of East Rutherford, notice of adoption of Ordinance 2026-12)
• Ardent/TAC data center rezoning referendum (Wilmington), City of Wilmington (OH). Rezoning of four parcels from rural residential to light industrial; would take land zoned for data centers in the city from about 500 acres to over 1,000. Wilmington Residents for Responsible Development secured a referendum on the city’s rezoning of four parcels from rural residential to light industrial for the Ardent/TAC data center project, which is separate from the Amazon Web Services project. Organizer Jessica Sharp said the group turned in 1,529 signatures in about 25 days. WCPO reported on 17 April 2026 that the measure will be on the November 2026 ballot for Wilmington voters; the mayor said the matter was under legal review. (WCPO)
• Fluidstack Okmulgee data center floodplain development permit, Okmulgee County Floodplain Administration (OK). Proposed data center on S. Madison Avenue; size and capital not stated in the fetched sources (see site fluidstack-okmulgee-ok). The Okmulgee County Floodplain Administration denied without prejudice a floodplain development permit application for the proposed Fluidstack Okmulgee Data Center, citing missing information and conflicting conclusions in the engineering documents. The county said the determination is not a rejection of the project on its merits; the application was returned as incomplete so that applicant Three Rivers Manufacturing can address six identified deficiencies and resubmit. County Emergency Management Director Jeffrey Moore explained the decision to the Board of Commissioners on 31 August 2026. (Henryetta Free-Lance, 28 August 2026)
• Project Jade (Crusoe and Tallgrass Cheyenne campus), Laramie County (WY). Planned 1.8 GW campus, scalable to 10 GW; 900 MW of Bloom Energy fuel cells had been planned. On Tuesday 9 June 2026 Crusoe said that, at the request of its customer, it had paused development activities on Project Jade, the 1.8 GW campus it was developing with Tallgrass; Tallgrass confirmed Crusoe had demobilized and left the site months earlier and said its power work continued. Bloomberg, as relayed by TechRadar, reported that customers including Google had raised concerns over cost and construction time. The campus has since moved forward as Google’s Project Tembo with Tallgrass, with four data center buildings instead of five (see site google-project-tembo-laramie-wy). (Wyoming Tribune Eagle (via Yahoo), 9 June 2026)
• Sulphur Springs Thermo mine data center campus, City of Sulphur Springs; Hopkins County district court (TX). Former Luminant Thermo mine land conveyed to the city in 2019; CyrusOne said a potential multi-building campus could bring a $2.6 billion investment (potential, not committed). The City of Sulphur Springs sued Vistra to remove a deed restriction barring power generation on former Luminant mine land where it planned a large data center campus with MSB Global; Vistra countersued, and a resident separately sued the city under the Open Meetings Act over its developer agreements. On 2 June 2026 the mayor said MSB Global would be phased out, and the council re-adopted the letter of intent and Chapter 380 agreement to address the open-meetings claims. On 7 July 2026 Judge Dan Moore heard Vistra’s Rule 91a motion to dismiss six of the city’s 11 counts; the September 2026 trial date was vacated and trial is likely in 2027. CyrusOne held a community meeting on 24 September 2026 about a potential self-powered, natural gas campus on the site and said the project is not a done deal. (KLTV, 7 July 2026)
• Arcata 45-day data center moratorium, Arcata City Council (CA). No project pending; citywide moratorium. The Arcata City Council voted 5-0 on Wednesday 16 September 2026 to adopt an interim urgency ordinance halting the receipt, processing or approval of land-use applications for data centers for 45 days, effective immediately. Staff said the city code has no definition or regulatory framework for data centers. The council may extend the moratorium for up to 10 months and 15 days, and then for a further 12 months. (Times-Standard)
• Calaveras County 45-day data center moratorium, Calaveras County Board of Supervisors (CA). No project pending; countywide moratorium. The Calaveras County Board of Supervisors approved a 45-day moratorium on data center construction by 4-0 on 25 August 2026, with Board Chair Benjamin Stopper absent. The moratorium covers all data centers, including those under 5,000 square feet, and can be extended for up to two years. Planning Director Bret Sampson said county ordinances do not address data centers; the board directed staff to study allowing smaller data centers as a secondary use. (myMotherLode.com)
• Brawley temporary data center moratorium, Brawley City Council (CA). No project pending; applies to large-scale data centers. The Brawley City Council voted 3-2 on Tuesday 19 May 2026 to approve a temporary moratorium on large-scale data centers within city limits, with Councilmembers Kelley and Grass dissenting. Council members described a one-year pause to define data centers in the city code and study environmental, fiscal and infrastructure impacts. The vote followed a similar pause in neighboring Calipatria. (The Desert Review)
• Eureka 45-day data center moratorium, Eureka City Council (CA). No application pending; city manager reported inquiries. The Eureka City Council voted unanimously on Tuesday 1 September 2026 to adopt an urgency ordinance establishing a 45-day moratorium on data center siting in the city’s inland and coastal zones, effective immediately. City staff will develop zoning standards and regulatory controls, and the council can extend the moratorium for up to two years. City Manager Miles Slattery said the city has no applications but has had inquiries about properties within city limits. (Lost Coast Outpost)
• Logan County six-month moratorium on data center, battery, solar and wind permits (Granite Renewables site), Logan County Board of Commissioners (CO). Up to $15B stated by the county economic development board; 4,198 acres. Logan County commissioners voted unanimously on Tuesday 21 October 2025 to impose a six-month moratorium on permits for data centers, battery energy storage, community solar and wind facilities so the county could write regulations. The county economic development board objected, citing Granite Renewables’ plan for a large-scale data center it described as a potential $15 billion investment. On Tuesday 17 February 2026 the commissioners approved data center and battery storage regulations 3-0, lifting the moratorium; no permit application had been filed at that time. (Sterling Journal-Advocate)
• NE Edge data center at Millstone Power Station, Connecticut Siting Council / Town of Waterford (CT). 300 MW; two buildings of roughly 1.5 million sq ft on the 526-acre Millstone site; dollar value not stated. NE Edge proposed two data center buildings of roughly 1.5 million square feet at Dominion Energy’s Millstone nuclear station in Waterford, drawing 300 megawatts directly from the plant. In January 2024 the Connecticut Siting Council denied Dominion’s petition arguing that the data centers and switchyard were unrelated to its generating operations and so not subject to council approval. A CT Mirror opinion piece by a member of the residents’ group, published 15 April 2026, states that the host fee agreement between NE Edge-Waterford LLC and the Town of Waterford has ended due to a default and expired by its terms. (CT Mirror)
• Springbank data center rezoning (Barnsley Gardens Road, Adairsville), Bartow County (GA). Six buildings, 2,274,000 sq ft; 588 acres (Fox 5) or 630 acres (Daily Tribune News); dollar value not stated. Atlas Development sought to rezone farmland on Barnsley Gardens Road near Adairsville from agricultural use for a six-building, 2,274,000-square-foot data center campus referred to as Springbank, with completion estimated for December 2031. Almost 1,700 residents signed a petition against it, and the Bartow County Planning Commission voted 6-1 on 28 April 2025 to recommend denial. The developer’s attorney formally withdrew the rezoning application on 13 May 2025, the day before the county commissioner’s meeting. (The Daily Tribune News)
• Camden County six-month data center moratorium, Camden County Board of Commissioners (GA). No county application pending. The Camden County Board of Commissioners voted on Tuesday 5 May 2026 to adopt a six-month moratorium on data centers in the unincorporated county, described by WABE as the first on the Georgia coast. The ordinance was adopted with sections 4, 5, 6 and 7 excluded and does not apply inside the cities. A rezoning request tied to businessman Kirk Tovey for nearly 700 acres along Interstate 95 in and next to Kingsland was rescinded the day before the vote. (WABE)
• Crow Holdings data center (Highway 85 North, Fayetteville), City of Fayetteville (GA). Size and dollar value not stated on the city page. The Fayetteville Planning and Zoning Commission denied the site plan for a new data center north of the Fayette Pavilion shopping center on Highway 85 North at its 27 January 2026 meeting. Crow Holdings Development and CHI/Acquisitions, LP appealed to the City Council for a hearing on 19 March 2026, then officially withdrew the appeal on 18 March 2026, according to the city. (City of Fayetteville, GA)
• White Oak Business Park and Pumpkin Center data center rezonings (resident lawsuits), Columbia County Superior Court / Georgia Court of Appeals (GA). Two data center rezonings; size and dollar value not stated. Harlem resident Gregory P. Guido Jr. filed judicial review petitions on 25 February 2026 challenging the Columbia County Board of Commissioners’ early February approvals of the White Oak Business Park and Pumpkin Center data center rezonings, alleging procedural defects and conflicts with the comprehensive plan. The Superior Court dismissed the cases with prejudice in March 2026 and later denied reconsideration. Guido filed notices of appeal on 13 April 2026, and the appeals were docketed at the Georgia Court of Appeals on 16 June 2026. (WRDW)
• Lamar County data center moratorium, Lamar County (GA). Follows Amazon Web Services’ $270M purchase of a 985-acre site (land price, not project value). Lamar County passed a data center moratorium in September 2025, one of several Georgia counties to do so that month, according to GPB. The county planning and zoning director said the pause was meant to allow an update of industrial and commercial zoning rather than data center rules alone. The county learned in July 2025 that Amazon Web Services had bought a 985-acre development site for $270 million. The length of the moratorium is not stated in the source. (GPB News)
• Columbus technology overlay district (Upatoi residents’ lawsuit), Columbus City Council / Muscogee County (GA). Size and dollar value not stated. A group of Upatoi landowners organized as Keep It Rural LLC filed a lawsuit to block a technology overlay district that the Columbus City Council approved on 16 June 2026 amid protests against a data center. The overlay sets standards for technology companies, including data centers, seeking to locate in the Columbus area. Mayor Skip Henderson said the council is researching water use, utility costs and noise. (WTVM)
• Rockdale County data center and battery energy storage moratorium, Rockdale County Board of Commissioners (GA). Countywide; no project named. Rockdale County enacted a 180-day moratorium on applications for data centers and battery energy storage systems in March 2026 (Resolution 2026-01). On 12 May 2026 the Board of Commissioners extended it through 8 September 2026 (Resolution 2026-12) while the county rewrites its Unified Development Ordinance. On 22 September 2026 the board adopted most of the new ordinance but deferred the data center section and extended the moratorium again. (Atlanta News First)
• Social Circle 90-day moratorium on new data center applications, Social Circle City Council (GA). Two applications already filed (Fairplay Road and Cannon Drive) were not covered. The Social Circle City Council voted unanimously in September 2025 to bar new data center applications and approvals for 90 days so that staff and the council could process two applications already submitted. Public hearings on those applications and their rezoning requests, at Fairplay Road and Cannon Drive, were held at the same meeting. (WSB-TV)
• Thomas County 12-month data center moratorium, Thomas County Board of Commissioners (GA). Countywide; no project named. The Thomas County Board of Commissioners unanimously approved a 12-month moratorium on permits for artificial intelligence data centers at a special meeting on Tuesday 20 January 2026. Commission Chair Mark NeSmith said the board is not opposed to data centers but lacks the information to regulate them and wants community input before drafting rules. (WCTV)
• Villa Rica data center annexation and rezoning (residents’ petition), Carroll County Superior Court / City of Villa Rica (GA). More than 200 acres annexed and rezoned; reported 400-acre data center plan; dollar value not stated. More than 30 Carroll County residents filed a petition in Carroll County Superior Court challenging the City of Villa Rica’s annexation and rezoning of more than 200 acres between Hickory Level Road and South Van Wert Road, naming the city, Embry Development Company and another property owner. The petitioners, adjoining landowners, seek to stop reported plans for a 400-acre data center. The outcome of the case is not stated in the source. (Gradick Communications)

Sites added this period

• Hanna Campus #1 (FingerMotion and BlueFlare) (Hanna, Alberta). 6 MW, announced. FingerMotion and BlueFlare signed a binding agreement, fully executed on 30 September 2026 and announced 1 October 2026, to acquire about 20.2 acres at 409 Pioneer Trail S. in Hanna, Alberta, for Hanna Campus #1, an AI inference compute campus with a contemplated 6 MW (3 MW of local grid supply and 3 MW of behind-the-meter natural gas generation). Title is expected to be held by Hanna Campus #1 Inc.; BlueFlare is to design, build and operate the power and infrastructure after closing and permits. The project is separate from FingerMotion’s 99 MW Alberta program. No purchase price was given in the fetched report. (Proactive (Yahoo Finance))
• Related Digital data center campus (adjacent to Project Star energy campus) (Encinal, TX). 5000 MW, announced. In a joint statement of 30 September 2026, NextEra Energy Resources, Related Companies and Lewis Energy Group said the Project Star energy campus in Encinal is expected, at full scale, to power a privately funded 5 GW data center campus that Related Digital is developing on an adjacent site. The companies said the adjacent data center is expected to create hundreds of permanent jobs. No tenant, data center cost or construction schedule was given in the fetched source. (Daily Energy Insider, 2 October 2026)
• Project Hyper data center campus (Spur Buildings 1 and 2), County Road 233, Jayton (Jayton, TX). $4.8B, proposed. Two projects named Project Hyper were registered with the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation on 1 October 2026: Spur Building 1 (TABS2027002494, owner Spur DC Owner 1 LLC, construction 31 January 2027 to 7 June 2029) and Spur Building 2 (TABS2027002499, owner Spur DC Owner 2 LLC, construction 13 January 2027 to 25 May 2029). Each is new construction of a single story data center of 759,262 sq ft with office and support space at County Road 233 and P2390, Jayton, Kent County, estimated at $2.4 billion, designed by HKS. The filings do not name Crusoe; Data Center Dynamics attributes the $4.8 billion campus to Crusoe in its headline (article walled), so the attribution rests on that single trade report. (TDLR TABS Project Hyper, Spur Building 1 (TABS2027002494))
• Grande Valley Industrial Data Center Campus (Casa Grande, AZ). approved. The Casa Grande Planning and Zoning Commission approved a conditional use permit for the Grande Valley Industrial Data Center Campus by a 6-1 vote on Thursday 1 October 2026, the first hearing under the city’s rules making data centers a conditional industrial use. The 954-acre site lies southwest and southeast of the intersection of Maricopa-Casa Grande Highway and Montgomery Road, about 8 miles from downtown. Plans include multiple buildings, closed-loop cooling, on-site Bloom Energy fuel cells (the company’s first Arizona installation) and battery storage. The permit needs no City Council vote. The end user, investment and power demand were not disclosed. (Casa Grande Dispatch (PinalCentral))
• Digital Realty Kokomo data center campus (Industrial Park North) (Kokomo, IN). proposed. Kokomo Mayor Tyler Moore announced in his State of the City address on Thursday 1 October 2026 that Digital Realty is proposing a three-building data center campus of about 3 million sq ft on about 476 acres at Industrial Park North, near U.S. 31 and County Road 400 North. The city projects $1.3 billion to $1.7 billion in taxable assessed value and $44 million to $55 million in annual property tax revenue once the campus is complete in 2033, with no tax abatement. The campus would use closed-loop cooling with air-cooled chillers and must meet a 50 decibel property line noise limit. A Digital Realty community open house is set for 10 October 2026. (Kokomo Tribune)
• Digital Realty downtown Seattle data center (six-story) (Seattle, WA). proposed. Digital Realty submitted a land-use permit application for a six-story data center in downtown Seattle at the end of May 2026, less than two weeks before the City Council approved the one-year moratorium on large data centers. The Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections says the proposal is vested to the previous regulations and is not subject to the moratorium. The street address was not given in the report. (The Seattle Times)
• Taylor Technology Campus (formerly Project Mustang), between FM 112 and U.S. 79 (Taylor (unincorporated, east of city limits), TX). proposed. South Dakota-based Big Watt Digital LLC and Virginia-based PowerHouse Data Centers plan a data center campus with on-site gas generation on about 665 acres just east of Taylor. The City of Taylor announced the proposal and a negotiated voluntary annexation in early August 2026; after resident opposition and a 1,400-signature petition the developers withdrew the annexation and zoning application in early September 2026 and said the project would proceed in unincorporated Williamson County, where the city has no authority. On 2 October 2026 the city said it had reached a proposed agreement to annex the site, renamed Taylor Technology Campus, with standards on noise, water use, setbacks and community benefits; the City Council is set to vote on 8 October 2026. No incentives are offered. (KUT News, 2 October 2026)

Sites added this period, newly verified from earlier periods

These entries were added in this cycle but their own dates fall before the current month. They are documentation catching up, not new activity.

• Meta Tulsa Data Center (Project Anthem), Fair Oaks Industrial Innovation Park (Tulsa, OK). $1.0B, announced. Meta was revealed on 21 April 2026 as the company behind Project Anthem, a $1 billion data center of more than 2 million sq ft at the 2,000-acre Fair Oaks Industrial Innovation Park near 11th Street and the Creek Turnpike in east Tulsa, where it is the first anchor tenant. It is Meta’s first data center in Oklahoma and is expected to create more than 1,000 construction jobs and 100 permanent jobs. Under a project plan approved by PartnerTulsa, Meta funds all site costs including $25 million of public infrastructure, and pays the City of Tulsa $62.5 million in lieu of taxes under a 25-year Tax Incentive District in which it pays 15% of its property tax bill. No MW figure was given in the fetched coverage. (KJRH 2 News Oklahoma, 21 April 2026)
• Global AI data center, former Carestream Health site (Windsor (unincorporated Weld County), CO). 35 MW, approved. The Weld County Board of Commissioners voted 5-0 on Wednesday 9 September 2026 to approve a Use by Special Review permit for Global AI, a New York-based company, to build a data center on 41 acres at the former Carestream Health property at 2000 Howard Smith Avenue W, in unincorporated Weld County between Windsor and Greeley. Coverage says it could become the largest data center in Colorado. Global AI said Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association is prepared to deliver 35 MW and provided a will-serve letter; conditions include closed-loop cooling (about 65,000 gallons initial fill), noise limits and a decommissioning bond. The company cited 1,500 construction jobs and 200 long-term jobs. Greeley approved a pre-annexation agreement the day before. Neighbors questioned power and water delivery, and the county had cited the site for construction code violations. No investment figure was given in the fetched coverage. (Greeley Tribune (via Yahoo News))
• Aerotropolis Logistics Center data center (Aurora, CO). proposed. A development application by Aerotropolis Industrial Development envisions a 1 million sq ft, 11-building data center on a 500-acre site south of East 48th Avenue, north of 26th Avenue, east of Aerotropolis Parkway and west of Monaghan Road, part of the Aerotropolis Logistics Center master plan of more than 1,200 acres near the Aurora Highlands. The city said the application was determined to be incomplete and had not been accepted for review. The county is inferred from the location and is not stated in the source. (Sentinel Colorado)
• Cox Ranch data center campus (Cheyenne, WY). approved. The Cheyenne City Council voted 8-2 on third and final reading on Monday 28 September 2026 to annex Cox Ranch, an agricultural site west of Roundtop Road and adjacent to Happy Jack Road, and approved the zoning that lets Skybox Datacenters and ViaWest Group proceed with a planned data center campus. The annexation was introduced in April 2026, met public backlash and was postponed until September. The end user has not been named. Council members Lawrence Wolfe and Mark Moody voted no. (Cowboy State Daily)
• Mt. Comfort Technology Campus (northwest of County Roads 500 North and 500 West, Buck Creek Township) (Buck Creek Township, IN). proposed. EQT Real Estate sent Hancock County Commissioners a letter of intent in August 2026 for a multi-building data center campus north of Walmart’s IND3 distribution center and Indianapolis Regional Airport. Commissioners took the letter under advisement and have not voted or set a vote date. The campus would occupy 130 acres, with more land to the northeast under contract. EQT held a day-long public open house on Wednesday 30 September 2026 attended by about 100 people. It proposes a $22.2 million upfront payment and about $22 million a year in lieu of taxes at full buildout around 2030, based on $11 per square foot of building, and says it would pay for $125 million of transmission improvements. A rezoning by the commissioners and county council approval of the agreement are still required. (Daily Reporter (Greenfield, Indiana))
• Project Fighting Pike data center (southwest of U.S. Highway 2 and U.S. 85 Bypass) (Williston, ND). $10.0B, announced. Critical Data House originally said it would operate a $10 billion, 450-acre data center in Williston by January 2027. The Williston City Commission approved the subdivision plat on 25 March 2025, but the lot has sat vacant because the company has not obtained clear title: more than 1,100 investors, mainly in Malaysia and Singapore, put $18 million into an abandoned master planned community on the land and must be served under Hague Convention procedures. CEO Chris Hardin and local representative Dale Haugen told the Herald the project is still planned, with a 20 to 24 month build once title is in hand, and is not expected to be operational until late 2028 or early 2029. (Williston Herald, 17 September 2026)
• Slate Belt Holdings data center campus (former River Pointe property) (Upper Mount Bethel Township, PA). 2000 MW, proposed. Slate Belt Holdings, a joint venture of Talen Energy and the team behind River Pointe Logistics Center, has proposed a hyperscale data center complex on the industrially zoned former River Pointe property in Upper Mount Bethel Township, bordered by Route 611, Potomac Street and River Road. No formal plan has been filed; a zoning validity challenge application shows 23 data center pads. On 25 August 2026, with more than 300 people attending, supervisors voted 2-3 against rejecting a memorandum of understanding that included a $50 million pledge tied to reaching two gigawatts, then tabled a revised MOU 3-2. On Monday 21 September 2026 the supervisors adopted the township’s own ordinance making data centers a conditional use in the I-2 and I-3 districts with disclosure, noise, cooling and water standards, and rejected the ordinance proposed by Slate Belt Holdings. On Monday 28 September 2026 they discussed hiring an outside consultant to negotiate a community benefits agreement and tabled the matter. River Pointe has a separate open lawsuit against the township over the disbanded municipal authority. (lehighvalleylive via Yahoo (29 September 2026))
• Project Hercules data center campus (267 Industrial Park Lane) (Appomattox, VA). $3.0B, approved. AVAIO Digital plans a $3 billion data center campus, Project Hercules, on a 436-acre property about a mile north of the town of Appomattox. The Appomattox County Economic Development Authority reached an agreement with AVAIO in December 2024, and the by-right project needed no special approval or public hearing. On Monday 31 August 2026 the Board of Supervisors approved a performance agreement with the developer, with one supervisor opposed, in the face of resident opposition. An AVAIO subsidiary, ADP Appomattox Data Hub LLC, applied in April 2026 for a Virginia DEQ air permit for backup generators, with a decision scheduled by mid-December 2026. AVAIO says the site plan is approved and power from Dominion Energy will be energized in 2027. (The News & Advance (3 September 2026))
• Infrakey hyperscale data center campus (Ross area, proposed Lacy Lakeview annexation) (Near Ross, TX). $10.0B, proposed. Infrakey and the City of Lacy Lakeview are pursuing a $10 billion hyperscale data center on a 520-acre site in the Ross area north of Waco, which Lacy Lakeview would annex through a three-mile corridor and which city officials say could bring $50 million a year in tax revenue. The plan relies on reclaimed wastewater for cooling, up to about 2 million gallons a day, and needs the cooperation of Waco, which owns the regional sewer system and holds water service rights to the site. Waco officials said they lacked basic information and some oppose the project; the engineering feasibility study was not complete as of May 2026. On 2 May 2026 Lacy Lakeview voters elected a data center opponent to the city council, and the incoming McLennan County judge said he would oppose tax abatements. (Texas Tribune and Waco Bridge via KPRC Click2Houston (14 May 2026))
• White Cloud Acres data center and co-located gas plant (U.S. Highway 71, south of Maryville) (About eight miles south of Maryville, MO). $6.3B, proposed. Scale Microgrids, formerly ReLoad Energy, presented the White Cloud Acres project at an open house reported on 3 June 2026: an artificial intelligence data center and a co-located 600 MW natural gas plant along U.S. Highway 71 about eight miles south of Maryville. Project documents put the total investment at $6.3 billion over a 35-year useful life, with 445 local construction jobs and about 591 ongoing local jobs. No tenant has been announced. The developer’s timeline showed permitting by the second quarter of 2027, construction from the fourth quarter of 2027 and operation by the fourth quarter of 2028. County commissioners approved a six-month data center moratorium on 21 July 2026, and the developer holds an option on the land but has not purchased it. (KQ2 (KQTV), 3 June 2026)
• Keystone Data Center (265 Keystone Avenue) (Reno, NV). 7 MW, under_construction. Centra’s 91,200-square-foot downtown data center at 265 Keystone Avenue was submitted in November 2024 and approved by the Reno Planning Commission in January 2025. The city lists planned use of 7 MW of power and 2 acre-feet of water a year. Building permits were issued and the project is under construction; Centra’s website says it will be ready to deliver 4.4 MW in the fourth quarter of 2026. As an already permitted project it is not affected by the Reno citywide moratorium. (Reno Gazette-Journal (via MSN))
• Webb Data Center (9710 and 9730 N. Virginia Street, North Valleys) (Reno, NV). 28.5 MW, under_construction. The Webb Data Center application reached the City of Reno in October 2024. The 82,000-square-foot building was approved by the Planning Commission in December 2024, appealed to the City Council and upheld in January 2025. The city lists 28.5 MW of power and 2 acre-feet of water a year. Building permits were issued and the project is under construction; Colovore lists pre-leasing for the project from 2026 to 2027 on its website. (Reno Gazette-Journal (via MSN))
• Oppidan Data Center (9630 N. Virginia Street, North Valleys) (Reno, NV). 8 MW, under_construction. The Oppidan Data Center application was submitted in November 2024 and approved in March 2025. The 61,500-square-foot building sits on North Virginia Street near Stead Boulevard, down the street from the Webb Data Center. The city lists 8 MW of power and 8 acre-feet of water a year. Building permits were issued and the project is under construction; no opening date has been announced. (Reno Gazette-Journal (via MSN))
• Google Project Dazzler data center campus (Franklin Furnace, Green Township) (Franklin Furnace, OH). under_construction. Google is developing a data center campus known as Project Dazzler through Tilted Gate LLC on approximately 792 acres in Green Township, south of Franklin Furnace and east of the Ohio River along U.S. 52. Scioto County commissioners confirmed Google as the developer in early 2026, and Google held a community open house at Green High School on Thursday 14 May 2026. Ohio EPA issued comment letters on 28 and 29 May 2026 requesting more information on stormwater, floodplain and wetland impacts for the isolated wetlands permit and Section 401 water quality certification. On 30 June 2026 Ohio EPA approved construction stormwater general permit coverage for Project Dazzler Mass Excavation Part 2 at 2868 Gallia Pike, covering about 453 acres of disturbance; the Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was still pending at that time. County commissioners have since described construction as progressing quickly, with hundreds of workers on site. Scioto County commissioners approved a tax abatement giving a 75% property tax exemption on new improvements for 15 years, with payments in lieu of taxes beginning at $500,000 a year; the first phase is described as a roughly 500,000 sq ft data center. Tilted Gate LLC has applied to Ohio EPA for a permit to install 197 emergency generators and 32 cooling towers at the Gallia Pike site; Ohio EPA set a public meeting for 16 September 2026 and took comments through 18 September 2026. (Herald-Dispatch, June 2026)

Financing transactions added this period

• Enerflex Ltd. and Unnamed North American data center developer. equipment order, Contract value not disclosed; approximately 450 MW of behind-the-meter natural gas-fired power generation units, deliveries 2027 to 2028. Enerflex Ltd. said on 1 October 2026 that it has been contracted to design, engineer, fabricate and assemble approximately 450 MW of behind-the-meter natural gas-fired power generation units for a North American data center developer, which it did not name. The project runs through Enerflex’s North American manufacturing operations, with deliveries scheduled to begin in 2027 and finish in 2028. No contract value was disclosed. Enerflex separately authorized about $85 million of investment in its Engineered Systems facilities, mostly in 2027, which is the supplier’s own capital spending and not the contract value. (Enerflex release (Form 6-K Exhibit 99.1))
• PaleBlueDot AI, ComputeCore and B Capital. equity raise, $200 million Series C led by ComputeCore at a $3.2 billion valuation; follows a $150 million Series B announced January 2026. PaleBlueDot AI, a Palo Alto GPU cloud company founded in 2024, announced on 1 October 2026 the completion of a $200 million Series C led by ComputeCore at a $3.2 billion valuation, with existing shareholder B Capital participating. The round follows a $150 million Series B announced in January 2026. The company owns and operates dedicated GPU clusters in several regions (including an Nvidia B300 cluster in Japan), runs a GPU marketplace and serverless inference, and says it had signed more than $5 billion of customer contracts by the end of September 2026. The release gives no North American site or MW figures. (PaleBlueDot AI release via PR Newswire (Yahoo Finance))
• Oracle, We Energies (WEC Energy Group) and NextEra Energy (Point Beach owner). power supply agreement, Contract value not disclosed; 125 to 250 MW (10% to 20% of Point Beach output bought by We Energies); the roughly $300 million figure is estimated fuel cost savings for other customers over five years, not a deal value. On Friday 2 October 2026 Oracle and We Energies announced an agreement under which Oracle would subscribe to between 10% and 20% of the generation We Energies buys from NextEra’s Point Beach Nuclear Plant in Manitowoc County, to help supply the Port Washington campus (Project Lighthouse) that Oracle is developing with OpenAI. The Journal Sentinel reports the subscription at 125 to 250 MW, roughly 10% to 20% of the 1.3 GW campus’s consumption. We Energies and Oracle say the arrangement would spare other customers about $300 million of fuel costs over five years; that is a ratepayer savings estimate, not a contract value. The agreement requires approval by the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin, and Oracle expects the proposal to be filed by the end of 2026. (Wisconsin Watch)
• Amazon (Amazon Web Services). other, More than $1 billion over five years for communities hosting Amazon data centers (education, workforce training); community spending, not data center capex. Amazon announced on Friday 2 October 2026 a community investment program pledging more than $1 billion over five years to towns and counties where it operates data centers. It covers community college tuition and fees not met by financial aid and an expansion of its Modular Training Centers from three to 25 by the end of 2028. Amazon said it had already contributed more than $1 billion to US data center communities over the prior three years, and also said it has stopped using nondisclosure agreements with government agencies on data center projects. This is community spending, not data center capital expenditure. (Yahoo Finance)
• Broadcom and Anthropic. convertible, Up to $42 billion of convertible notes, about one-third of Anthropic’s $125.2 billion five-year TPU capacity commitment; undrawn, and no notes expected to be sold before the IPO. Reuters reported on Thursday 1 October 2026, citing Anthropic’s IPO prospectus, that Broadcom has agreed to lend Anthropic up to $42 billion through convertible notes to help finance infrastructure spending. The notes are sized to cover about one-third of the $125.2 billion Anthropic has pledged under a five-year agreement for tensor processing unit computing capacity. Broadcom may bring in a financing partner, the notes could convert into Anthropic equity, and Anthropic does not expect any notes to be sold before its IPO completes. Anthropic placed funds in a restricted account for Broadcom’s benefit in April 2026. The same report says the prospectus lists $518 billion of total cloud, compute and infrastructure obligations. No prospectus is publicly available on EDGAR, so the terms rest on the press account; Broadcom did not comment and Anthropic declined to comment. (TIKR via Yahoo Finance, citing Reuters and Anthropic’s IPO prospectus)
• Broadcom, Blackstone and Anthropic. debt facility, $60 billion as reported: $42 billion Class A senior secured tranche in bank syndication plus $18 billion Class B junior tranche led by Blackstone ($9 billion from Blackstone funds); reported, not announced or closed. Bloomberg reported on 2 October 2026 that Broadcom’s bank syndicate has started gathering $60 billion of new AI chip financing to benefit Anthropic and other companies: banks are poised to send syndication letters for a $42 billion Class A senior secured tranche, and Blackstone is leading an $18 billion Class B junior tranche, committing $9 billion from its funds and syndicating the rest. The deal has not been announced and Broadcom declined to comment. Bloomberg first reported in August 2026 that Broadcom was seeking more than $60 billion. The package follows the $35 billion Apollo-led transaction of June 2026 and is separate from the up to $42 billion loan from Broadcom to Anthropic described in Anthropic’s prospectus. (Bloomberg (via Yahoo Finance))
• FingerMotion, Inc., BlueFlare Group Holdings Inc. and Undisclosed seller. acquisition, Purchase price not disclosed in the release. Binding Agreement of Purchase and Sale for about 20.2 acres (8.18 hectares) at 409 Pioneer Trail S., Hanna, Alberta, to be held by Hanna Campus #1 Inc. Conditions cover title, environmental condition, zoning and permits, utilities and access, and financing. (FingerMotion release (GlobeNewswire via Markets Insider))

Financing transactions added this period, newly verified from earlier periods

These entries were added in this cycle but their own dates fall before the current month. They are documentation catching up, not new activity.

• Atlantic HPC Group Inc., Valley Oasis Development LLC and Aperture AC (SPAC merger partner). acquisition, Purchase price not disclosed; 29 MW of contracted utility power demand and a one-acre land lease. Atlantic HPC Group, a bitcoin mining and computing facility operator that is merging with the SPAC Aperture AC, completed on 23 September 2026 the acquisition of 100% of Valley Oasis Development LLC, which holds two power contracts dated 3 September 2026 with Dyersburg Electric System (a TVA local power company) for 29 MW of aggregate contract demand and a one-acre land lease at 1 Bekaert Drive, Dyersburg, Tennessee. About 14.5 MW can be served on existing utility infrastructure once Atlantic funds utility construction; the other 14.5 MW needs transformer upgrades. The site is zoned heavy industrial and described as suitable for bitcoin mining and high-density AI compute. The purchase price was not disclosed. Atlantic puts its utility-approved capacity at 127 MW across Oklahoma, Arkansas, Ohio and Tennessee. (Aperture AC Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1)
• Apollo, Blackstone, Broadcom and Anthropic. debt facility, Initial $35 billion capital solution (A1 and A2 tranches) under Broadcom’s AI XPV Platform, supporting more than 1 GW of Anthropic compute capacity; the platform as a whole targets more than 20 GW through 2028. Apollo announced on 9 June 2026 that Apollo-managed funds and affiliates are leading an initial $35 billion capital solution under Broadcom’s new AI XPV Platform, in partnership with Blackstone and global banks. The platform is designed to enable more than 20 GW of compute capacity for frontier AI labs through 2028; the initial transaction provides committed capital across a multi-year draw schedule and facilitates Anthropic’s previously announced expansion of more than 1 GW of compute for training and inference starting in mid-2026. Apollo called it the largest private financing ever executed. Wells Fargo is global coordinator on the A1 tranche with BNP Paribas, Citi and UBS as joint bookrunners; Goldman Sachs, Bank of America and Morgan Stanley are placement agents on the A2 tranche. The financing funds chips and compute systems rather than a named data center site. (Apollo release via GlobeNewswire (FinanzNachrichten))
• IREN Limited. convertible, $500 million of 3.50% convertible senior notes due 15 December 2029, upsized from $450 million; estimated net proceeds about $486.1 million before any exercise of the initial purchasers’ option. IREN priced $500 million of 3.50% convertible senior notes due 2029 on 11 June 2025 in a Rule 144A offering, upsized from $450 million, at a 30% conversion premium. Estimated net proceeds were about $486.1 million, of which $48.9 million funded capped calls (initial cap price $20.98 per share) and about $92.5 million a prepaid forward, with the remainder for general corporate purposes and working capital. Corporate-level financing, not tied to one site. (IREN release (Form 6-K Exhibit 99.1), 11 June 2025)
• IREN Limited. convertible, $1.0 billion of 0.00% convertible senior notes due 2031, including $125 million from full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option; net proceeds about $979.0 million. IREN issued $1.0 billion of 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031 on 14 October 2025, including $125 million from the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option. Net proceeds were about $979.0 million; $56.7 million funded capped call transactions with Citibank, Santander, Mizuho and Wells Fargo, and the remainder is for general corporate purposes and working capital. Corporate-level financing, not tied to one site. (IREN Form 8-K, 14 October 2025)
• IREN Limited. convertible, $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due 2032 plus $1.15 billion of 1.00% convertible senior notes due 2033 (each including $150 million from full option exercise); net proceeds about $2,270.0 million; a concurrent registered direct sale of 39,699,102 shares at $41.12 funded repurchases of existing 2029 and 2030 convertibles and is not included in the amount. IREN issued $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due 2032 and $1.15 billion of 1.00% convertible senior notes due 2033 on 8 December 2025, each including $150 million from full exercise of the initial purchasers’ options, for net proceeds of about $2,270.0 million. It used $201.0 million for capped calls and, together with a concurrent registered direct offering of 39,699,102 ordinary shares at $41.12 per share, repurchased about $227.7 million principal of its 2030 convertibles for about $608.2 million and about $316.6 million principal of its 2029 convertibles for about $1,024.2 million, leaving $2,068.0 million for general corporate purposes and working capital. (IREN Form 8-K, 8 December 2025)
• IREN Limited. convertible, $3.0 billion of 1.00% convertible senior notes due 1 December 2033, including $400 million from full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option; net proceeds about $2.96 billion. IREN issued $3.0 billion of 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2033 on 14 May 2026 in a Rule 144A offering, including $400 million from the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option. Net proceeds were about $2.96 billion; $201.3 million funded capped call transactions (initial cap price $110.30 per share, a 100% premium to the $55.15 share price on 11 May 2026), and the remainder is for general corporate purposes and working capital. Corporate-level financing, not tied to one site. (IREN Form 8-K, 14 May 2026)
• Cipher Mining Inc. (now Cipher Digital) and Morgan Stanley. convertible, $172.5 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes due 2030: $150 million base plus $22.5 million from the underwriters’ option, exercised in full. Cipher Mining entered an underwriting agreement with Morgan Stanley on 20 May 2025 for 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030, with a $150 million base and a $22.5 million option that was exercised in full on 21 May 2025, for $172.5 million in total. Corporate-level financing by a bitcoin miner then moving into HPC hosting; not tied to one site in the filing text reviewed. (Cipher Mining Form 8-K, 22 May 2025)
• Cipher Mining Inc. (now Cipher Digital). convertible, $1.3 billion of 0.00% convertible senior notes due 2031, including full exercise of the initial purchasers’ $200 million option. Cipher Mining issued $1.3 billion of 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031 on 30 September 2025 under an indenture with U.S. Bank Trust Company, including the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option for an additional $200 million. Corporate-level financing; the 8-K text reviewed does not tie proceeds to one site. (Cipher Mining Form 8-K, 30 September 2025 event)
• Cipher Compute LLC (Cipher Mining, now Cipher Digital) and Morgan Stanley. senior notes, $1.4 billion of 7.125% senior secured notes due 2030 issued at par, plus $333 million of additional notes of the same series; guaranteed by Cipher Barber Lake LLC. Cipher Compute LLC, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Cipher Mining, completed a Rule 144A and Regulation S offering of $1.4 billion of 7.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 on 13 November 2025, issued at par under a purchase agreement dated 5 November 2025 and guaranteed by Cipher Barber Lake LLC, to finance a portion of construction costs. On 24 November 2025 it completed a further $333 million of additional notes of the same series under a purchase agreement dated 20 November 2025, with Morgan Stanley as sole initial purchaser. The two issues total $1.733 billion of one series. (Cipher Mining Form 8-K, 13 November 2025)
• Black Pearl Compute LLC (Cipher Mining, now Cipher Digital) and Morgan Stanley. senior notes, $2.0 billion of 6.125% senior secured notes due 2031, issued at par; includes reimbursement of about $232.5 million of Cipher’s prior equity contributions. Black Pearl Compute LLC, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Cipher Mining, completed a Rule 144A and Regulation S offering of $2.0 billion of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2031 on 11 February 2026, issued at par and guaranteed by Cipher Black Pearl LLC and 11786 Wink LLC. Proceeds finance the remaining cost of the Black Pearl high-performance computing data center in Wink, Texas, reimburse Cipher about $232.5 million of prior equity contributions, fund debt service reserves and pay fees. The notes were already referenced in the site record; this adds the transaction itself. (Cipher Mining Form 8-K, 11 February 2026)
• TeraWulf Inc.. convertible, $1.0 billion of 1.00% convertible senior notes due 2031: $850 million plus $150 million from full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option; $100.6 million of proceeds used for capped calls. TeraWulf issued $850 million of 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031 in a private offering on 20 August 2025 and a further $150 million on 22 August 2025 after the initial purchasers fully exercised their option, for $1 billion in total. It used $100.6 million for capped call transactions, with the remaining net proceeds allocated to data center expansion and general corporate purposes. (TeraWulf Form 8-K, 22 August 2025)
• TeraWulf Inc., Morgan Stanley and Cantor Fitzgerald. convertible, $1.025 billion of 0.00% convertible senior notes due 2032, including $125.0 million from the initial purchasers’ option; issued at par; net proceeds about $999.7 million. TeraWulf completed a Rule 144A offering of $1.025 billion of 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 on 31 October 2025, including $125.0 million issued under the initial purchasers’ option, at 100% of principal for net proceeds of about $999.7 million. The company said it intends to use the proceeds to fund a portion of the construction cost of a data center campus in Abernathy, Texas, among other purposes. (TeraWulf Form 8-K, 31 October 2025)
• Flash Compute LLC, TeraWulf Inc. and Fluidstack (JV partner). senior notes, $1.3 billion of 7.250% senior secured notes due 2030, issued at par; guaranteed by Abernathy Data LLC; JV holding company to provide up to $100 million of completion support. TeraWulf announced on 29 December 2025 the completion of a Rule 144A and Regulation S offering by Flash Compute LLC of $1.3 billion of 7.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2030, issued at par. Flash Compute sits under a joint venture holding company owned 50.1% by a TeraWulf subsidiary. Proceeds finance a portion of the construction cost of the Abernathy HPC Campus in Abernathy, Texas, and fund debt reserves, with the JV holding company providing a completion guarantee of up to $100 million. TeraWulf later agreed to sell its JV stake (see terawulf-abernathy-jv-stake-sale-fluidstack-2026). (TeraWulf Form 8-K, 29 December 2025)
• Alphabet (Google) and Intersect. acquisition, $5.9 billion after purchase price adjustments, per Alphabet’s Form 10-Q. Alphabet completed its acquisition of Intersect, a developer of renewable energy, on 10 March 2026 for $5.9 billion after purchase price adjustments. Alphabet’s Form 10-Q says the acquisition enables acceleration of data center capacity and energy development, that Intersect is a variable interest entity of which Alphabet is the primary beneficiary, and that its results are consolidated from closing. (Alphabet Form 10-Q, quarter ended 30 June 2026)
• Riot Platforms and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). acquisition, $96.0 million total consideration for the fee simple purchase of 200 acres underlying the Rockdale site, funded by the sale of about 1,080 bitcoin; the AMD lease value is not included in the amount. Riot Platforms announced on 16 January 2026 the fee simple acquisition of the 200 acres in Milam County, Texas, on which it had operated under a ground lease, for total consideration of $96.0 million funded by selling about 1,080 bitcoin. It also signed a Data Center Lease and Services Agreement with AMD at Rockdale for an initial 25 MW of critical IT load delivered in phases from January to May 2026, with potential expansion to 200 MW. The Rockdale site has a 700 MW grid interconnection, and Riot cites 1.7 GW of approved power across Rockdale and Corsicana. (Riot Platforms release (Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1), 16 January 2026)
• CleanSpark, Inc. and Cantor Fitzgerald. convertible, $1.15 billion of 0.00% convertible senior notes due 2032, issued at par; net proceeds about $1.13 billion, of which about $460.0 million repurchased common stock. CleanSpark completed a Rule 144A offering of $1,150,000,000 of 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 on 13 November 2025, issued at par for net proceeds of about $1.13 billion. It used about $460.0 million to repurchase shares from note investors and intends to use the remainder to expand its power and land portfolio, develop data center infrastructure, repay bitcoin-backed credit lines and for general corporate purposes. (CleanSpark Form 8-K, 13 November 2025)
• Galaxy Digital and CoreWeave (tenant). debt facility, $1.4 billion project financing facility, which Galaxy says fully funds the $1.7 billion Phase I build at Helios. Galaxy said in its third quarter 2025 results that it secured a $1.4 billion project financing facility that fully funds the $1.7 billion Phase I build at its Helios data center campus in Texas. In the same period it executed the Phase II lease with CoreWeave, which also exercised its final option for an additional 133 MW of critical IT load, bringing its commitment to the full 800 MW of approved power capacity at Helios. Lenders are not named in the release. (Galaxy Digital third quarter 2025 results release (Form 8-K exhibit))
• Galaxy Digital and Unnamed large asset manager. equity raise, $460 million equity investment by an unnamed asset manager; net proceeds to Galaxy of $325 million for the Helios build-out and general corporate purposes. Galaxy announced on 10 October 2025 a $460 million equity investment by one of the world’s largest asset managers, which the release does not name. Net proceeds to Galaxy of $325 million are to drive the build-out of the Helios data center campus and support general corporate purposes. (Galaxy Digital third quarter 2025 results release (Form 8-K exhibit))
• MARA Holdings, FTAI Infrastructure, Long Ridge Energy & Power LLC and Barclays. acquisition, Total transaction value of approximately $1.52 billion before closing adjustments (seller release); MARA describes it as an approximately $1.5 billion enterprise value. Includes $1.16 billion of Long Ridge debt per the seller. Barclays committed a senior secured bridge term loan of up to $785.0 million, which is financing for this purchase and must not be summed with it. MARA Holdings, through a subsidiary, agreed to buy 100% of Long Ridge Energy & Power LLC from FTAI Infrastructure. Long Ridge owns a 485 MW combined-cycle gas plant in Hannibal, Ohio (expected to increase to 505 MW in the first quarter of 2027), working interests in natural gas wells and more than 1,600 contiguous acres on the Ohio River with water, fiber and rail access, adjacent to MARA’s existing Hannibal data center operations. MARA says that with Long Ridge and its Matagorda County, Texas site its potential power portfolio would reach about 4.8 GW. FTAI Infrastructure said the sale eliminates $1.16 billion of Long Ridge debt. The power plant is recorded as a deal only, not a site. MARA’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026 states the acquisition had not yet closed and remained subject to customary conditions and regulatory approvals. (MARA Holdings Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026 (SEC))
• Hyperscale Data, Inc. and Morpho Protocol lenders. debt facility, About $30 million outstanding as of 2 August 2026, secured by part of the company’s bitcoin holdings, at a variable rate of about 4.9 percent. Hyperscale Data said it had implemented a bitcoin-backed decentralized finance borrowing program through the Morpho Protocol, with about $30 million outstanding as of 2 August 2026 at a variable rate of about 4.9 percent. Proceeds support development of its Michigan AI data center campus under a master services agreement with a neocloud provider, plus working capital and general corporate purposes. (Hyperscale Data release (PR Newswire), 3 August 2026)
• Digital Realty and Seller not disclosed. acquisition, $475 million for about 1,440 acres of powered land, paid in cash and operating partnership common units; one of three transactions totaling $1.61 billion announced together (with a 16 percent Teraco stake for $650 million and Columbia Capital for $485 million, the latter already recorded). Digital Realty announced the purchase of about 1,440 acres at Astra Enterprise Park near Kansas City for $475 million, a powered land site it said would support 600 MW by early 2028 and 2 GW at full delivery. The three transactions announced that day were funded mainly by issuing 6.3 million common shares and operating partnership units at a weighted average of $197.54. The release does not name the seller or state a closing date. (Digital Realty release (via Stock Titan), 22 June 2026)
• Carrier Connect Data Solutions, PureColo Inc. and Carbon60 Operating Co.. acquisition, $1,600,000 in cash at closing plus $150,000 payable three months later, as stated in the release of the Vancouver-based, TSX Venture listed company; the release does not state the currency, so no US dollar amount is entered. Carrier Connect Data Solutions, through its subsidiary PureColo Inc., completed the purchase of the principal business assets of the Saint John, New Brunswick data center operation from Carbon60 Operating Co. The company said the deal brought it to five data centers under management, with markets in Vancouver, Ottawa and Saint John. (Carrier Connect Data Solutions release via Yahoo Finance (2 March 2026))
• Carrier Connect Data Solutions, PureColo Inc. and Rochester Colo, LLC. acquisition, US$250,000 in cash at closing, of which US$25,000 was paid as a deposit, plus 800,000 Carrier common shares released from escrow in four tranches over 24 months; the share component is not valued in the release. Carrier Connect Data Solutions, through its subsidiary PureColo Inc., signed a definitive agreement to acquire the data center business assets of Rochester Colo, LLC, a carrier-neutral colocation facility in Rochester, New York. The company described it as its first US data center and its sixth overall, generating about C$885,000 of annual recurring revenue with more than 60% of capacity available. Closing was subject to TSX Venture Exchange acceptance. (Carrier Connect Data Solutions release via Yahoo Finance (9 June 2026))

Status changes

• Revity Energy business park and data center, Hanton City. blocked, now litigation. Revity Energy proposed a business park including a data center at Hanton City in March 2026. After public opposition, Smithfield’s planning board and town council voted to ban such development in early May 2026, the first municipal data center ban in Rhode Island. Single-sourced from a secondary account in the Charlestown reporting; the Smithfield record has not been confirmed from a Smithfield source. Developers Hanton City Investments LLC and ROK LLC are appealing the town administrative officer’s 11 June 2026 decision that their major land development application for the Smithfield Corporate Complex at 364 George Washington Highway was incomplete. The application was filed a day before the Town Council adopted a data center ban. The Zoning Board of Review hearing on the appeal, postponed from 2 September 2026, was rescheduled for 7 October 2026, according to a Town Council member. The Smithfield record is now confirmed from local sources: the Town Council adopted the zoning amendment listing data centers as not permitted in every district 4-1 on 5 May 2026, effective 4 June 2026, and described it as a precautionary interim control. Hanton City Investments LLC and ROK LLC say they filed a substantially complete application on 4 May 2026; the town issued certificates of incompleteness on 29 May and 11 June 2026. The developers have filed two Superior Court lawsuits, one submitted 15 September 2026, arguing that the ban is inconsistent with the comprehensive plan, amounts to an unlawful moratorium, and that the application was wrongly found incomplete. The town says it will defend the ban. The zoning board appeal remains set for 7 October 2026.
• Emporia digital infrastructure district and citizen data center ban petition. other, now litigation. On 22 July 2026 the Emporia City Commission voted 5-0 to approve three ordinances establishing a digital infrastructure district. It did not act on a validated citizen petition to ban high-impact data centers. If commissioners did not approve the petition within three weeks, it was to go to the November 2026 general election ballot. The city did not adopt the petition ordinance and sought judicial review; in August 2026 Senior Judge Glenn Braun of Lyon County District Court ordered the question onto the November 2026 ballot without deciding whether the petition is legislative or administrative, so its legal status remains pending. The Kansas City Star reported on 22 September 2026 that the Emporia judge ruled the ordinance’s legal effect stays pending a final ruling regardless of the election result, and that no further hearing had been scheduled. Separately, three landowners (Amanda Mendoza, Kenneth Bruner and Ann Bruner) filed suit against the City of Emporia in Lyon County District Court on 19 August 2026 asking the court to declare the 22 July approvals (Ordinances 26-21, 26-22 and 26-23: the Digital Infrastructure Overlay District, the rezoning of 11 tracts and their placement in the overlay) unlawful and unreasonable. They allege the city applied the overlay before the ordinance creating it took effect and set no adequate standards for development agreements. A clerk’s order of 18 September 2026 extended the city’s time to respond to 8 October 2026; there has been no ruling on the merits. The Emporia Gazette describes the citizen question on the November 2026 ballot as a 10-year ban.
• Google Project Cannoli county tax incentives and community benefits agreement (Van Buren Township). blocked, now approved after delay. On 25 September 2026 Wayne County Executive Warren Evans vetoed the tax incentives and community benefits agreement the Wayne County Commission had approved for Google’s Project Cannoli data center, saying Google pressed the county to act within about two weeks and the process did not allow public input or independent analysis. The veto covers the county incentive and benefits package, not the project itself. Commission Chair Alisha Bell called the package lucrative and said the commission would take it up again the following week. The township’s final site plan vote is expected 14 October 2026. On 30 September 2026 Commission Chair Alisha Bell said the commission would take up the Project Cannoli agreements at its 1 October 2026 meeting, without saying what action it would take; overriding the veto of the $125 million in local tax incentives needs a two-thirds vote of the 15-member commission. The county had approved the packages on 15 September 2026. Van Buren Township’s planning commission is scheduled to vote on final site approval in October. On Thursday 1 October 2026 the Wayne County Commission overrode County Executive Warren Evans’s veto by 13-0, with two commissioners absent (FOX 2 Detroit), giving final county approval to the tax incentive and community benefits package. Commissioners said the vote was not an approval of the data center itself. The Van Buren Township Planning Commission is expected to review the final site plan on 14 October 2026.

Capital at risk, records updated

Same status as before; the record gained a new development or source.

• Pittsylvania MegaCampus (denied). Denied
• Pacifico Energy DC + power plant (moratorium). 12-month moratorium. The township is Muhlenberg Township in Pickaway County, Ohio (Darbyville). Trustees signed the 12-month moratorium at their regular Monday meeting in the first week of February 2026 after Pacifico Energy requested a zoning change application for a data center and accompanying power plant; a trustee said nothing can be done until 3 February 2027.
• Saline Township campus (other). MPSC conditionally approved DTE special contracts (Case U-21990) Dec 18 2025; residents voted against; construction began weeks later. Oracle, OpenAI and Related broke ground on the campus, described as a $16 billion project that would eventually use more than a gigawatt, on 1 June 2026.
• Five proposed “mega” data centers (Equinix, Prologis + 2 withdrawn) (moratorium). One-year moratorium on DCs >20 MVA approved 9-0, extendable 6 months. The Seattle Times reported on 3 October 2026 that two large projects are moving forward despite the moratorium because their permit applications predate it: a nine-story Equinix data center in Sodo (54 MW; environmental permits submitted to the state in June 2026) and a six-story Digital Realty data center downtown (40 MVA requested; land-use application filed at the end of May 2026), together nearly 100 MW of peak demand. The Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections said both are vested under the earlier rules. Seattle City Light said Prologis has neither submitted a service request nor withdrawn its interest in its 120 MW Sodo and 75 MW Tukwila proposals, which remain exploratory.
• ACE Basin proposal (moratorium). Six-month moratorium proposed; zoning reconsidered. The Charleston City Paper identifies the proposal as a $6 billion, 850-acre project by Eagle Rock Partners and Thomas and Hutton on the headwaters of the Ashepoo River, which the Southern Environmental Law Center has challenged in court. After the county moratorium delayed it, Eagle Rock shifted to a new 1,200-acre site in the western part of the county, and on 14 September 2026 the Colleton County Council lifted its moratorium in the portion of the county west of I-95 (see the Rhodes Technology Park site record). Residents Miles Crosby and Jennifer Singleton, represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center, sued Colleton County in state court over the zoning ordinance that allows data centers in rural areas by special exception, in a complaint reported 9 January 2026. The complaint says Eagle Rock Partners applied under the new rule for an 859-acre, 1,000-megawatt data center complex in the ACE Basin, and asks the court to overturn the ordinance and block approvals under it.
• Project Tango (denied). Denied 5-1 without prejudice. The expansion, which requested about 600 MW, was denied in July 2026. PBA Holdings formally challenged the denial under the Florida Land Use and Environmental Dispute Resolution Act, reported 19 August 2026, asking the county to send the dispute to a special magistrate; it alleges commissioners applied standards outside the zoning code and says its losses could reach hundreds of millions of dollars. The county’s one-year moratorium adopted 24 September 2026 does not undo a 2016 approval for two 100,000 sq ft data center buildings on the site, and the developer has said it can pursue that smaller plan.
• T5 @ Chicago IV (Grayslake) (litigation). Up to 472 acres within the $750M, 641-acre Cornerstone mixed-use development; ~1.55GW electrical demand from ComEd. Village Board approved between Sept 2024-May 2025.
• Project Jupiter permitting stay (Oracle campus) (delayed). The New Mexico Supreme Court unanimously granted two stays reported 24 August 2026. It halted the New Mexico Environment Department air quality permit hearing set to open 14 September 2026 in Sunland Park on the campus’s on-site methane fuel-cell microgrid, and it ordered the Office of the State Engineer to pause emergency authorization of water from a newly constructed well used for construction. New Energy Economy petitioned on the air permit, arguing the department cannot hold a hearing before the project’s fuel source is established; the Center for Biological Diversity petitioned on the water authorization. The designated hearing officer withdrew from the case, and a replacement will be appointed after the stay is lifted. Site work continued after the New Mexico Supreme Court order pausing the air quality permit process and the State Engineer water permit, with 2,105 construction workers on site as of 30 June 2026 per Oracle records reported by Searchlight New Mexico. On 8 September 2026 Oracle issued an RFP for 2 GW of new New Mexico renewable generation deliverable between 2027 and 2031, tied to 100% carbon-free matching for Project Jupiter by 2031, and offered up to $1 million for carbon capture research on the Bloom fuel cells On Thursday 17 September 2026 the New Mexico Supreme Court unanimously denied, without comment, New Energy Economy’s air-permit petition and the Center for Biological Diversity’s air-permit and emergency-well petitions and lifted both stays, so the air permit and State Engineer proceedings can resume; no replacement hearing officer or hearing date had been named. Separately, the FT reported via Reuters on 18 September 2026 that about $18 billion of loans tied to the campus were quoted at 89 to 91 cents on the dollar. As of 25 September 2026 the New Mexico Environment Department had not appointed a new hearing officer for the air quality permit; the department said the new officer will set the hearing schedule once appointed and that 23 November 2026 remains its deadline for a permit decision. On Friday 2 October 2026 New Mexico Environment Secretary James Kenney filed the appointment of retired U.S. District Judge James O. Browning as hearing officer for the Project Jupiter air quality permit proceeding, replacing attorney Max Shepherd, who recused himself in August 2026. No new hearing schedule has been set, and the Santa Fe New Mexican reported that the decision by November sought by the developers now appears unlikely.
• Aligned Data Centers Pataskala campus (rejected). Pataskala City Council voted at its 25 August 2026 meeting to accept the Planning and Zoning Commission’s recommendation and deny the site plan for a 200 MW, three-building campus. Council President Brandon Galik cited unresolved power questions and incomplete design. A citizen petition carrying more than 500 signatures places a potential data center ban before Pataskala voters at the November 2026 election. Separately, the Pataskala City Council voted on 3 August 2026 to place a citizen-petitioned charter amendment banning data centers larger than 25 megawatts on the 3 November 2026 ballot, and the Licking County Board of Elections certified it on 17 August 2026.
• Eastport data center moratorium (DeepGreen Western Passage) (moratorium). City councilors unanimously adopted a 180-day moratorium on 12 August 2026 barring approval of any permit, license or application for industrial data centers or computing facilities and associated infrastructure, on land or underwater. On 27 August 2026 the Planning Board unanimously recommended that the city adopt a permanent ban. The measures respond to DeepGreen Western Passage’s February 2026 application to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for a preliminary permit to study a tidal-powered subsea data center in Passamaquoddy Bay; federal regulators accepted that application in the week after the moratorium took effect. A separate citizen petition from the Eastport Coalition for Healthy Oceans seeks an ordinance prohibiting data centers larger than 25,000 sq ft in the city and its coastal waters. The city held a public hearing on citizen-initiated ordinances in September 2026 while residents sought intervenor status in the FERC preliminary permit proceeding for the DeepGreen project. On Tuesday 29 September 2026 the City of Eastport filed a formal motion to intervene at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in DeepGreen Western Passage’s application for a 48-month preliminary permit, and in a letter posted 30 September asked FERC to deny it. The letter states that on 9 September 2026 the City Council unanimously enacted ordinance provisions prohibiting large-scale data centers, including underwater data centers, in the areas those provisions cover. The 60-day FERC intervention window that opened with the August acceptance of the application closes in October 2026.
• Trenton data center ban charter amendment (litigation). Five residents petitioned for a charter amendment prohibiting construction of data centers over 25 megawatts in city limits. The Butler County Board of Elections verified 336 signatures; the city council refused to certify the petition, reading its charter to require signatures from 10% of all electors rather than the lower Ohio Constitution standard of 10% of those who voted in the last municipal election. On 1 September 2026 the Ohio Supreme Court granted a writ of mandamus directing the council and Mayor Ryan Perry to certify the petition to the board of elections. On 3 September 2026 the council passed an emergency ordinance placing the ban on the 3 November 2026 general election ballot. An Amazon Web Services proposal to annex 601 acres from Madison and St. Clair Townships drew formal objections from both townships, with a merits hearing set for 15 September 2026. A Prologis data center on the south side of the city remains under construction. On Thursday 1 October 2026 the Trenton City Council gave first reading to a package that would take effect only if voters reject Issue 17 (the charter amendment barring data centers above 25 MW) and the proposed Amazon data center proceeds: a one-year holiday from the city’s general fund inside property tax millage for tax year 2026, a bar on certain new police, streets and fire and EMS levies until at least 2035, and a 30 percent discount on YMCA memberships once construction begins. Nothing was adopted.
• Former Emerson campus technology hub and data center (approved after delay). The Ferguson City Council rejected the tax incentive package in May 2026 on a 3-3 vote with one abstention. On 10 September 2026 council members Nick Kasoff and LaMika Covington introduced legislation reviving it, with a final vote expected later in September 2026. The revived plan keeps a 75 percent abatement for the first ten years and adds a $7.5 million commitment to the Ferguson Neighborhood Improvement Program over ten years, $250,000 for an environmental mitigation fund and $700,000 for community impact mitigation and emergency services. Opposition continued from residents, the St. Louis County NAACP and the Ferguson-Florissant School District; the mayor said he would vote against the plan. On 22 September 2026 the Ferguson City Council approved the revived redevelopment agreement 4-3. Residents launched a petition drive on 23 September 2026 to force a referendum on the agreement, and opponents said they are exploring legal options. KSDK reported on 2 October 2026 that opponents are gathering signatures for a referendum petition that would force the council to repeal the approving ordinance or put it to a public vote, with a signature deadline later in October 2026, and that a recall effort is also underway. KSDK describes the project (Project Butterfly, developer Jim Onder of SSL Investments LLC, 217 acres at 8000 West Florissant Avenue) as a Chapter 100 package that could scale to $22 billion over time, with an initial investment above $175 million.
• Global AI Windsor data center (Weld County) (approved after delay). The Weld County Board of Commissioners voted 5-0 on Wednesday 9 September 2026, after an eight-hour hearing and hours of objections, to approve the zoning permit for Global AI’s data center on roughly 41 acres of the former Carestream Health site in unincorporated Weld County near Windsor. Commissioners attached conditions requiring a closed-loop cooling system, noise limited to established ambient levels with continuous monitoring, and a decommissioning plan and bond within six months. The proposal had faced sustained community opposition over noise, power and transparency. This entry records an approval reached over opposition rather than a block, and is carried in this table so the record shows both directions. On Monday 28 September 2026 the Weld County Clerk and Recorder approved two petitions for circulation, backed by the citizens group Protect Our Water and Energy Resources (POWER). One would force a referendum on the commissioners’ 9 September approval; the other is an initiative barring the county from issuing an occupancy permit to any data center unless approved by a majority of voters. Each needs 9,103 valid signatures, and opponents have 45 days to collect them for the referendum. Colorado Newsline reports the facility’s initial capacity as 27.5 MW, served by Poudre Valley REA, with long-term plans for up to 1 GW.
• Pine Island data center (Project Skyway) (court halt). The Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy sued the City of Pine Island and Ryan Companies in October 2025, arguing the Project Skyway environmental review covered a generic technology center rather than the Google data center. On 22 May 2026 Goodhue County District Judge Patrick Biren enjoined all construction and pre-construction activity, finding MCEA likely to succeed on the merits, with a $2,000 bond. The court also denied the city and developer’s request to rule the review adequate. The case has moved to discovery, and the next hearing is reported for 22 February 2027. Separately, on Thursday 1 October 2026 Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison filed comments with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission arguing that Xcel Energy has not shown its agreement to power Google’s Pine Island data center is reasonable, in the public interest or compliant with the state law that assigns all costs of very large customers to those customers, and that other ratepayers could bear millions of dollars, and possibly more than a billion dollars, in extra costs.
• Frederick County data center application pause (Quantum Frederick expansion context) (moratorium). The Frederick County Council passed an ordinance in December 2025 expanding the Quantum Frederick campus by about 1,000 acres, and a citizen committee gathered over 21,000 signatures to put it to referendum. The Maryland Supreme Court blocked the referendum, and in a 28 July 2026 opinion held that zoning ordinances are not subject to referendum under the county charter. County Executive Jessica Fitzwater paused new applications for data centers and related substations through 31 December 2026, exempting projects approved before 17 June 2025 and those under construction. On Monday 14 September 2026 County Executive Jessica Fitzwater announced she had rejected a $110 million community benefits agreement proposed by Catellus Real Estate Development, after hearing concerns from residents. The offer included $30 million each for Carroll Manor Elementary School renovations and a new Adamstown park, $14.5 million for workforce development and $10 million for youth recreation. She also extended the pause on new data center applications, previously set to expire 31 December 2026, to 1 July 2027.
• xAI Southaven data center power plant (litigation). xAI’s Southaven site runs gas turbines to power its Memphis-area data centers, and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality issued an air permit for 41 permanent turbines. The NAACP filed a challenge in April 2026 alleging significant pollutant emissions and contesting the permit. Three Southaven residents filed suit in June 2026 alleging near-constant noise and vibration harming their health. The plant continues to operate. On 30 July 2026 the Mississippi Commission of Environmental Quality and MZX Tech LLC entered an Agreed Order covering the 69 mobile turbines at the Stanton Road facility, setting a retirement schedule after supply chain delays pushed back some of the 41 permitted stationary turbines. SpaceXAI said all temporary turbines would be removed by July 2027 as its 1.2 GW permanent plant comes online, and announced on 31 August 2026 that 11 of the 69 turbines had been powered down. A class action over turbine noise is pending in the US District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi On 30 July 2026 SpaceX announced an agreement with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality setting a timeline to remove all 69 temporary mobile turbines at the Southaven power site, starting as early as August and finishing by July 2027, as the 1.2 GW permanent plant of 41 turbines permitted in March 2026 comes online. On 23 September 2026 Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein and Greer Injury Lawyers filed a federal class action in Tennessee against X.AI Corp and MZX Tech LLC on behalf of southern Memphis residents, alleging noise ordinance violations, private and public nuisance, negligence, negligence per se and trespass from the data centers and gas-turbine plant on the Tennessee and Mississippi border. It seeks damages, abatement and an injunction to cease operations unless they can run without harming the community. Earlier, on 6 May 2026, the NAACP, represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center and Earthjustice, asked the federal court for a preliminary injunction to stop operation of the unpermitted turbines, saying xAI and MZX Tech had added six turbines after the February 2026 notice, bringing the total to 33.
• Nebius Oxmoor Valley data center (litigation). Neighbors sued Nebius, Hoar Construction and the City of Birmingham, alleging the city issued permits for a hyperscale data center on land not zoned for that use. On 10 July 2026 Circuit Judge Javan Patton Crayton ruled the case can proceed without first going to the Zoning Board of Adjustment. On 14 August 2026 the judge granted the plaintiffs’ request to skip the preliminary injunction and go to the merits, with the next hearing set for 8 March 2027. Construction continues, with completion projected for 2028. Additional suits filed: the Greater Birmingham Humane Society sued the City of Birmingham, Alabama ADC Holdings LLC and 201 Milan Birmingham LLC in Jefferson County Circuit Court on 10 July 2026, seeking review of permits and approvals for the project next to its planned animal campus. On 5 September 2026 Regions Bank shareholder James Anderson filed a derivative suit alleging Nebius affiliates defrauded the bank of $66.3 million in the 30 September 2025 sale of 201 Milan Parkway. Former school board member Terri Michal sued (filed on a Thursday afternoon, reported 11 September 2026) Birmingham’s Industrial Development Board, its chairman and Nebius, asking a judge to cancel the $3.2 billion in 30-year tax abatements approved 29 May 2026 under the Open Meetings Act; AL.com described the project as $36 billion and 300 MW on about 75 acres. On Thursday 17 September 2026 Judge Javan Patton Crayton consolidated three existing suits, including the residents’ suit and the Humane Society’s; the 8 March 2027 hearing stands. In filings between 16 and 22 September 2026 the plaintiffs gave notice of subpoenas to 10 parties, including U.S. Steel, Alabama Power, Regions Bank and a real estate firm founded by the mayor’s wife; the city objected on 1 October 2026 and Regions Bank objected on 30 September 2026. The judge set a hearing on the objections for Monday 5 October 2026. AL.com reports that three suits have been consolidated into this case.
• Springfield 120-day data center administrative delay (litigation). Springfield City Council passed a 120-day administrative delay on data center projects 8-0 on 29 June 2026 (Ordinance 28306), expiring 17 November 2026. Staff will evaluate land use compatibility, electric, water and wastewater impacts, and noise and air impacts, and hold public open houses before reporting to the Planning and Zoning Commission and council; City Manager David Cameron has indicated staff will seek an extension. On Thursday 17 September 2026 NSI A.1 LLC, affiliated with developer Trent Overhue, filed a 31-page, six-count petition in Greene County Circuit Court before Judge Nathan Taylor to invalidate the delay. The petition argues the measure is interim zoning adopted without the required public hearing and 15 days’ published notice, that it was filed as a resolution in conflict with the City Charter, and that the city violated the Sunshine Law. Overhue’s pre-development application proposes a high-performance computing facility in the basement of a former medical office building at 2900 S. National Ave.; an electric service application to City Utilities listed anticipated demand of 9.9 MW and was not processed because of the delay. On Thursday 1 October 2026 the rezoning application for 2900 S. National Ave. (to C-MX2 for a veterinary clinic, with no mention of a data center), which had been postponed to the 15 October Planning and Zoning Commission meeting, was withdrawn. Overhue said he had only authorized a conditional allowance for a veterinary tenant while pursuing his original basement data center plan. The News-Leader reports the City Council is likely to extend the pause beyond mid-November; Overhue’s suit against it remains pending.
• American Transmission Co. power line project serving the Port Washington (Lighthouse) campus for Vantage, Oracle and OpenAI (delayed). On 6 August 2026 the three-member Wisconsin PSC voted unanimously to revoke the December 2025 completeness determination for ATC’s transmission application and ordered it resubmitted, citing about 564 amendments to route, scope, costs and environmental studies. The commission said the decision did not reject the project but reset review, jeopardizing ATC’s late-2027 completion target. ATC refiled on 14 September 2026 with a revised cost of $2.5 billion to $2.7 billion, up from $1.6 billion, and estimated about 17 months of construction after a six- to 12-month approval process. Oracle will pay for most of the project, and ATC said the campus will not be served until the transmission facilities are in service. Research firm Aterio said in a report of 30 September 2026 that the campus could miss Oracle’s target of delivering capacity in the second half of 2027 because ATC cannot start building until the PSC approves the refiled application: its base case puts partial grid power in December 2027 and full supply in October 2028, and an extended review could push those to June 2028 and April 2029. This is a third-party estimate, not a regulator or company statement; The Register said Oracle had been asked for comment.
• Shetland Park data center building permit (Salem) (denied). Salem issued a building permit on 18 May 2026 for a building initially described as housing an IT services company, then revoked it in late June 2026 after detailed construction documents showed what the city classifies as a data center, a use not allowed under zoning. Developer Prime Group Holding appealed the revocation to the Zoning Board of Appeals, with a vote expected on 16 September 2026, and argues the facility is not a data center. Mayor Dominick Pangallo urged the board to uphold the revocation and has separately proposed a citywide data center ban that the City Council has not passed. On 16 September 2026 the Salem Zoning Board of Appeals voted unanimously to uphold the revocation of the permit for the 12,000 sq ft building it deemed a data center at Shetland Park. Mayor Pangallo’s citywide ban ordinance had not been passed by the City Council. The Salem News reported on 1 October 2026 that the City Council’s Committee on Ordinances, Licenses and Legal Affairs, meeting 30 September 2026, recommended the mayor’s zoning amendment banning data centers for final approval by the full council, with clarified language so that routine data processing accessory to uses such as hospitals and telecommunications is not prohibited. Final passage by the full council had not been reported.
• 75 South Data Center Campus (Tomochichi Road) (withdrawn). Spalding County’s zoning attorney said the rezoning and special exception applications for the 75 South Data Center Campus on Tomochichi Road were withdrawn and the developers do not plan to return. County officials said no progress has been reported on three other data center campuses approved in 2025 and January 2026, and a commissioner attributed the lack of activity to the county’s strict data center rules, including a closed-loop water requirement.
• Globalinx cable landing station near Ocean City (Worcester County one-year moratorium) (moratorium). The Worcester County Commissioners voted 6-0 on a Tuesday, reported 7 July 2026, to advance a one-year moratorium on cable landing stations and data centers while staff rewrite zoning rules, after a motion to prohibit data centers in every zoning district failed 2-4. The Baltimore Sun reported on 22 July 2026 that the county approved the one-year moratorium on a Tuesday, freezing the Globalinx proposal. On 2 June the county’s permitting director had rejected Globalinx’s request to classify the facility as a public utility, and Globalinx appealed to the Board of Zoning Appeals while also seeking a special exception. On Thursday 1 October 2026 the Worcester County Planning Commission tabled, for revisiting in 60 days, a zoning text amendment tied to an Amazon Web Services subsea cable between Ireland and the United States that would land at the Ocean City Airport. The amendment would allow a single building of no more than 1,200 square feet on a 3,500 square foot plot of county airport land, with no water or sewer connection and an equipment list distinguishing it from a data center or cable landing station, both of which are covered by the county moratorium.
• Hubbard data center moratorium (moratorium). Hubbard, Ohio, enacted a local data center moratorium or ban, recorded in SAVRN’s moratorium tracker as dated June 2026. 12-month moratorium on the construction, placement or operation of a data center in the city, requested by Councilwoman Robin Zambrini after residents raised concerns about a potential project. Hubbard CITY, Hubbard Township acted separately. Reported as a Monday regular meeting, matching Jun 1. The measure runs to 1 June 2027. City residents will vote on 3 November 2026 on a citizen-initiated ordinance permanently prohibiting data center construction in the city; WFMJ reports the petition collected more than double the required signatures. The 12-month moratoriums in the city and in Hubbard Township remain in place. WFMJ says both measures respond to Project Milo, for which Mayor Ben Kyle signed a non-disclosure agreement in 2024.
• Lowndes County data center moratorium (moratorium). Lowndes County, Alabama, enacted a local data center moratorium or ban, recorded in SAVRN’s moratorium tracker as dated August 2026. County commissioners unanimously approved 60-day moratorium on data center permits; response to proposed 1,050-acre “Project Red Clay” hyperscale data center; county lacks formal zoning authority, legal standing uncertain. The measure runs to 25 October 2026.
• Statesboro data center rezoning (6539 Burkhalter Road) (litigation). City Council approved a 3-2 rezoning from R-4 to O for 4 AM Development LLC on 18 August 2026. On 17 September 2026 Coastal Communities United and 11 citizens filed a petition for review and request for declaratory judgment in Bulloch County Superior Court against the City of Statesboro and 4 AM Development LLC, the parcel’s owner. The petition alleges the city disregarded its own procedures and state law, that the decision was arbitrary and capricious, and that it violated the petitioners’ substantive and procedural due process rights under the Georgia Constitution; it also argues the 99 MW project sits one megawatt under the city’s hyperscale definition. The Statesboro Herald reported on 2 October 2026 that an informal citizens group, Protect Statesboro, has started a petition drive for a referendum to repeal the city’s Technological Facilities and Data Centers Ordinance (adopted 3-1 on 2 June 2026), separate from the court challenge. The developers have submitted a preliminary sound study and water use plan toward the special use permit, which requires another council vote. The planned building is two stories and about 230,000 square feet on roughly 27 acres.

Sites updated

• Project Skyway, Pine Island. On Thursday 1 October 2026 Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison’s office filed comments with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission arguing that Xcel Energy has not shown its agreement to power Google’s Pine Island data center is reasonable, in the public interest or compliant with the state law requiring that all costs attributable to very large customers be assigned to them. Ellison said the agreement could leave other Xcel customers with millions, and possibly more than a billion dollars, of extra costs. The commission has not ruled. On Thursday 1 October 2026 the Minnesota Attorney General’s Office filed comments with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission arguing that Xcel Energy has not shown its electric service agreement with Google for the Pine Island data center is reasonable or meets the state law requiring that all costs attributable to very large customers be assigned to them. The office said other ratepayers could bear costs after Google’s 15-year contract term or on early termination, and objected that Xcel redacted almost all dollar amounts. Xcel disagreed and said Google has agreed to fund 1,900 MW of new wind, solar and battery storage at no cost to existing customers. The commission has not ruled
• Polaris Forge 1. On 2 October 2026 Applied Digital said three further 25 MW data halls in the second phase of Building 2 are ready for service, completing Building 2’s 150 MW and bringing operational critical IT load at Polaris Forge 1 to 250 MW of the 400 MW contracted
• Equinix proposed SoDo data center (nine-story, 54 MW) (paused, now proposed; figures now 54 MW). Moratorium adopted 9 June 2026; project reported vested and advancing 3 October 2026 (environmental permit documents submitted to the state June 2026)
• Prologis proposed Tukwila data center (75 MW, Seattle City Light territory). moratorium adopted June 9, 2026
• Bell AI Fabric Saskatchewan hub (R.M. of Sherwood). At a site news conference on Thursday 1 October 2026, Bell and the province said framing is complete for three of the four data halls at the 65-hectare site, with about 500 workers on site; the first two halls are to start operating in the first half of 2027. The Canadian Press describes the current phase as a C$1.7 billion, 300 MW centre with CoreWeave and Cerebras as anchor tenants, and said Bell gave no timeline for the 1.2 GW expansion
• Project Eagle campus, Boling. The Coastal Bend Groundwater Conservation District issued contested groundwater permits on 8 September 2026 allowing Amazon to withdraw up to 78.2 million gallons over two and a half years from three wells for offices, construction and fire protection, in addition to May 2026 permits for 16.9 million gallons from two other wells. The permits do not cover surface water for cooling. The Houston Chronicle describes the campus as a $10 billion project on nearly 3,000 acres with data center buildings that could span more than 1.9 million sq ft
• Google Chesterfield campuses: Project Peanut (Meadowville), Project Skye (Moseley Road) and Project Loch (Watkins Centre Parkway). The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality issued a notice of violation dated 29 September 2026 for the Project Peanut site, alleging unauthorized filling of surface waters outside permitted impact areas, including sediment in about 1,356 linear feet of stream channel observed on 4 March 2026, after seven reports and five inspections between December 2025 and August 2026. The project has until 29 October 2026 to respond and penalties can reach $32,500 per violation per day, per VPM News. Construction has not been stopped
• Vantage Trident Data Center, Aurora. On Thursday 1 October 2026 Aurora Mayor Mike Coffman said the 861,866 sq ft project near East 48th Avenue and E-470 should be stopped and asked that the city explore calling it up for a public hearing and a council vote, although data centers are a permitted industrial use at the site and the city attorney has warned of liability for denying a compliant application. No formal action has been taken
• Project Red Clay data center. The developer is Cloverleaf Infrastructure, which in a 27 May 2026 update described the project as a minimum $1.5 billion investment and said it had not requested abatements or incentives from the county commission. Yellowhammer News reported on 1 October 2026, citing unnamed sources, that the commission is close to approving a tax incentive plan for the project; no vote has been taken and the reported figure is not confirmed
• Misty Hollow Energy and Data Campus (614 Prospect Road). At a meeting on Thursday 1 October 2026 attended by about 400 people, with 45 public speakers overwhelmingly opposed, the Forward Township Planning Commission voted to table consideration of preliminary approval until the developer answers a review letter from the township engineer. The developers presented a 274-acre site with a one million sq ft natural gas powered data center. The plan will not be on the supervisors’ agenda the following week and is next expected before the planning commission on 22 October 2026
• Rhodes Technology Park. The Charleston City Paper reports that this 1,200-acre site is a new location Eagle Rock turned to after its earlier $6 billion, 850-acre proposal near the ACE Basin (at-risk row 83) was delayed by the county moratorium, and that the council lifted the moratorium west of I-95 on 14 September 2026; the campus would have 10 buildings
• Project Cannoli data center (east of Haggerty Road, north of the I-94 North Service Drive). On Thursday 1 October 2026 the Wayne County Commission voted 13-0 (two absent) to override the county executive’s veto of the tax incentives, which Planet Detroit says save Google more than $125 million; commissioners noted the vote did not approve construction or a development agreement. The same day the Michigan Public Service Commission conditionally approved the DTE Electric contracts for the project (20-year term, 80% minimum billing demand, up to 1,600 MW of renewables and 480 MW of storage funded by Google)
• Wave Infrastructure AI research lab and HPC facility (Junction 42 Business Park) (figures now 5 MW). rdnewsnow reported on 1 October 2026 that the developer’s website describes a 5 MW data centre on a 12-acre site; the county says rezoning would make a data centre a permitted use but would not itself approve one
• Skybox Hutto data center campus (3399 County Road 132). On 1 October 2026 the Hutto City Council approved Skybox’s request to rezone a 140-acre parcel in the Hutto Megasite for a data center and power station, with stipulations requiring closed-loop cooling, compliance with Hutto land development codes and payment of local sales taxes on construction and power generation. Skybox Chief Development Officer Haynes Strader told the council there is no tenant yet, that securing power from ERCOT has become more challenging and may take another two years, and that the next phase would be the fifth and sixth data centers in the Megasite. Skybox’s agreement with the Hutto Economic Development Corp. expires in February 2027

Financing transactions updated

• Lambda, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Microsoft and Nvidia. Amount $1,008 million, previously $1,000 million. $1.008 billion investment-grade delayed draw term loan at a 6.78% fixed rate, final maturity 30 May 2033, fully amortizing, rated A (low) by Morningstar DBRS and Baa1 by Moody’s, arranged by J.P. Morgan; the release does not name the offtakers; separate from the $926 million term loan B closed 27 August 2026. Reported by Bloomberg 28 August 2026; closing announced by Lambda 1 October 2026
• PPL Corp., Blackstone Infrastructure and Invitium Energy. Price paid for more than 500 acres in Luzerne County, bought in April 2026; the price for nearly 7,200 acres under agreement in Lackawanna County was not disclosed. Luzerne County purchase reported 30 July to 1 August 2026; Lackawanna County purchase agreements (signed April and June 2026) reported 29 August 2026; Fell Township planning commission presentation Tuesday 29 September 2026
• Solaris Energy Infrastructure, Inc. and Solaris Energy Infrastructure, LLC. $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.000% Senior Notes due 1 April 2032, issued at par, upsized from the original $1.0 billion; net proceeds approximately $1,227.2 million after the initial purchasers’ discount and estimated offering expenses; proceeds for general corporate purposes, growth capital expenditures and offering fees and expenses, not tied to one site. Proposed offering announced 22 September 2026; priced 22 September 2026 (upsized from $1.0 billion); closed 1 October 2026
• Government of South Korea (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources; Ministry of Finance and Economy), United States (bilateral investment package; Department of Commerce), NextEra Energy Resources, Related Companies and Lewis Energy Group. $22.3 billion project cost for a 6,472 MW gas-fired combined-cycle plant, per the Korean industry ministry’s formal announcement; Korean funds flow through an investment SPV and a project SPV with risk pooling until Korea recovers principal and interest. Formally selected by South Korea and the United States, announced at the White House 30 September 2026 (US time) and by Korea’s industry ministry 1 October 2026; first reported to the National Assembly 22 September 2026
• Google and DTE Energy (DTE Electric). No contract value disclosed. Serves a planned 1 GW Google data center; Google says 2.7 GW of new resources (solar, storage and demand flexibility) under a Clean Capacity Acceleration Agreement. DTE cites nearly $1.7 billion of affordability benefits for existing customers, which is not a deal value. Announced 17 March 2026 (Google blog); DTE special contracts approved with conditions by the Michigan Public Service Commission on 1 October 2026 (Case No. U-22058)
• DataBank Properties and Mapletree Industrial Trust. About $9.8 million in cash under the tenant’s purchase option (3% deposit paid); 9% above MIT’s $9 million 2021 purchase price and 10% below the $10.9 million valuation. Announced by Mapletree Industrial Trust’s manager 29 September 2026; acquisition announced as completed by DataBank 1 October 2026

Entries removed

An entry is removed only when its source no longer supports it or the record was superseded. Removals are listed so the changelog nets out rather than only accumulating.

• Oregon pause on state land for data centers

How to read this

Every figure in the atlas links to the page that states it. Where a value could not be confirmed from a fetched source, the entry reads n.a. rather than an estimate, and roughly two-thirds of the capital-at-risk rows carry either a dollar figure or a megawatt figure but not both, because local rezoning dockets disclose acreage and square footage while investment figures come from economic-development announcements that a withdrawn project never makes. The dollar total of the rows that do disclose a figure is therefore a floor, not a census.

The atlas sits alongside two companion references: the Nationwide Data Center Delay Watchlist, which tracks project-level slippage, queues, and securities filings, and the U.S. Data Center Moratorium Tracker, which maps state and local policy measures. All citations behind this atlas are listed on one page.