Model description
This model was trained on 782 357 hypothesis-premise pairs from 4 NLI datasets: MultiNLI, Fever-NLI, LingNLI and ANLI.
Note that the model was trained on binary NLI to predict either "entailment" or "not-entailment". This is specifically designed for zero-shot classification, where the difference between "neutral" and "contradiction" is irrelevant.
The base model is DeBERTa-v3-xsmall from Microsoft. The v3 variant of DeBERTa substantially outperforms previous versions of the model by including a different pre-training objective, see the DeBERTa-V3 paper.
For highest performance (but less speed), I recommend using https://huggingface.co/MoritzLaurer/DeBERTa-v3-large-mnli-fever-anli-ling-wanli.
Intended uses & limitations
How to use the model
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification
import torch
device = torch.device("cuda") if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device("cpu")
model_name = "MoritzLaurer/DeBERTa-v3-xsmall-mnli-fever-anli-ling-binary"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
premise = "I first thought that I liked the movie, but upon second thought it was actually disappointing."
hypothesis = "The movie was good."
input = tokenizer(premise, hypothesis, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt")
output = model(input["input_ids"].to(device)) # device = "cuda:0" or "cpu"
prediction = torch.softmax(output["logits"][0], -1).tolist()
label_names = ["entailment", "not_entailment"]
prediction = {name: round(float(pred) * 100, 1) for pred, name in zip(prediction, label_names)}
print(prediction)
Training data
This model was trained on 782 357 hypothesis-premise pairs from 4 NLI datasets: MultiNLI, Fever-NLI, LingNLI and ANLI.
Training procedure
DeBERTa-v3-xsmall-mnli-fever-anli-ling-binary was trained using the Hugging Face trainer with the following hyperparameters.
training_args = TrainingArguments(
num_train_epochs=5, # total number of training epochs
learning_rate=2e-05,
per_device_train_batch_size=32, # batch size per device during training
per_device_eval_batch_size=32, # batch size for evaluation
warmup_ratio=0.1, # number of warmup steps for learning rate scheduler
weight_decay=0.06, # strength of weight decay
fp16=True # mixed precision training
)
Eval results
The model was evaluated using the binary test sets for MultiNLI, ANLI, LingNLI and the binary dev set for Fever-NLI (two classes instead of three). The metric used is accuracy.
| dataset |
mnli-m-2c |
mnli-mm-2c |
fever-nli-2c |
anli-all-2c |
anli-r3-2c |
lingnli-2c |
| accuracy |
0.925 |
0.922 |
0.892 |
0.676 |
0.665 |
0.888 |
| speed (text/sec, CPU, 128 batch) |
6.0 |
6.3 |
3.0 |
5.8 |
5.0 |
7.6 |
| speed (text/sec, GPU Tesla P100, 128 batch) |
473 |
487 |
230 |
390 |
340 |
586 |
Limitations and bias
Please consult the original DeBERTa paper and literature on different NLI datasets for potential biases.
Citation
If you use this model, please cite: Laurer, Moritz, Wouter van Atteveldt, Andreu Salleras Casas, and Kasper Welbers. 2022. ‘Less Annotating, More Classifying – Addressing the Data Scarcity Issue of Supervised Machine Learning with Deep Transfer Learning and BERT - NLI’. Preprint, June. Open Science Framework. https://osf.io/74b8k.
Ideas for cooperation or questions?
If you have questions or ideas for cooperation, contact me at m{dot}laurer{at}vu{dot}nl or LinkedIn
Debugging and issues
Note that DeBERTa-v3 was released on 06.12.21 and older versions of HF Transformers seem to have issues running the model (e.g. resulting in an issue with the tokenizer). Using Transformers>=4.13 might solve some issues.
