Data Center Capital Atlas Update: October 6, 2026

This data center capital atlas update records what changed in the North American Data Center Capital Atlas, SAVRN’s primary-sourced record of who is funding data center capacity in North America, in what structure, at which site, and how much of that capital has been stopped. The atlas is refreshed every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and each refresh publishes a note like this one recording exactly what changed.

Where the record stands

Announced capital across the tracked cohort is reported as disclosed and is never summed into a single deployment figure: site commitments overlap one another and overlap reported capital expenditure. Blocked-and-delayed totals from different trackers cover different windows and definitions and are shown side by side rather than added.

Capital at risk, added this period

• ServerFarm data center and VoltaGrid temporary power plant (Newton County air permits), Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GA). No dollar or MW figure stated. In July 2026 ServerFarm and the adjacent VoltaGrid temporary gas power plant were told to stop construction after residents reported generators being built before the required air permits were issued. Under separate consent orders the Georgia EPD assessed penalties of $31,000 against ServerFarm and $11,500 against VoltaGrid, and both now hold construction permits under a combined permit that limits generator operation. The Georgia PSC could also act but its process is at an early stage. (WSB-TV, 5 October 2026)
• Beaufort County one-year data center moratorium, Beaufort County Board of Commissioners (NC). No data center currently proposed in the county; no dollar or MW figure. Beaufort County commissioners voted 6-1 on Monday 5 October 2026 for a one-year moratorium under which the county will not accept, process or approve applications for the establishment, construction, expansion or operation of a data center. Commissioner Hood Richardson voted against. Commissioners said they intend to write an ordinance addressing noise and electricity during the pause. (WITN, 5 October 2026)
• Aberdeen data center permit moratorium, Aberdeen City Council (SD). Citywide pause on building and zoning permits for new data centers; no project named in the source. Aberdeen passed a moratorium on data center building and zoning permits in July 2026, under which city officials may not issue permits authorizing construction, expansion or operation of a data center within city limits; it runs to 18 November 2026. The council’s Monday 5 October 2026 agenda set a public hearing for 19 October 2026 on Resolution 26-07-04R, which would extend it to 1 July 2027, citing water supply and noise. (KELOLAND News, 5 October 2026)
• Anne Arundel County data center moratorium (Bill 63-26), Anne Arundel County Council (MD). Countywide; projects already in the development process generally allowed to continue. On Monday 5 October 2026 the Anne Arundel County Council voted 7-0 to approve an amended Bill 63-26, a temporary moratorium on new data center development that runs until 31 January 2028 or until the county adopts comprehensive data center legislation, whichever comes first. The bill as introduced would have banned new privately operated data centers; the council amended it in September to a moratorium. Projects already in the development process, including future phases of existing data centers on adjacent or adjoining properties, can generally continue, and a county work group will recommend permanent rules. The bill also repeals a personal property tax assessment reduction for qualified data storage centers. (WMAR 2 News)
• Old Town six-month data center ban (industrial zones), Old Town City Council (ME). Citywide industrial zones; no named project. The Old Town City Council unanimously passed a six-month ban on data center development in the city’s industrial zones on Monday 5 October 2026, retroactive to 8 September 2026, when the council first discussed it. Data centers are already not allowed in the city’s other zones. The ban is set to expire in March 2027 with a possible extension to June 2027; councilors have said a long-term zoning ban would go to a public referendum. (Bangor Daily News)
• Cascade data center moratorium (Simple Mining industrial park project), City of Cascade (IA). Land already purchased in the Cascade industrial park; size not stated. The City of Cascade, Iowa, has paused data center development under a moratorium set to end in June 2027 while it writes regulations; neither Cascade nor Peosta had specific data center rules. Cedar Falls-based Simple Mining, which has bought land in the city’s industrial park and has an initial agreement with the Cascade Economic Development Corp., cannot move forward until the city adopts regulations. The company’s CEO said he welcomes clear restrictions. (Telegraph Herald)
• Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes three-year data center ban on tribal lands, Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal Council (OK). Tribal lands; no named project. At its annual tribal council meeting on Saturday 3 October 2026, the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal Council, open to any enrolled member over 18, voted 261-83 for a resolution banning data center facilities on tribal lands until October 2029 so the tribe can study their impacts. Gov. Reggie Wassana had argued for data centers on tribal property, saying developers had pitched sites and per capita payments could follow. Cherokee Nation, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma have imposed similar bans. (KGOU (Oklahoma Public Media Exchange))
• Delphos 18-month moratorium on data centers and renewable energy projects, Delphos City Council (OH). Citywide; no named project. Delphos City Council voted on Monday 5 October 2026 to impose an 18-month moratorium on data centers and renewable energy projects. Officials said they want to see what Ohio lawmakers do on data center rules before setting local regulations. Nearby Lima and Shawnee Township have similar 18-month pauses. (WLIO (hometownstations.com))
• Evansville 180-day data center moratorium, Evansville City Council (IN). Citywide; no named project. The Evansville City Council approved a 180-day moratorium on new data center development, pausing data center applications, on Monday 5 October 2026 while officials study effects on infrastructure, utilities and neighborhoods and finalize zoning rules. The moratorium can be extended. Council President Ben Trockman said the decision followed sustained public concern. (14 News (WFIE))
• Menasha one-year data center moratorium, City of Menasha Common Council (WI). Citywide; no named project. The Menasha Common Council voted 6-2 on Monday 5 October 2026 to approve a one-year moratorium on data centers, giving the city time to update its zoning code before any proposal arrives. Mayor Austin Hammond described it as a pause to put guardrails in place; an alder voting no said staff should focus on tornado recovery. (WFRV Local 5)
• Wisconsin Rapids 12-month data center development moratorium, City of Wisconsin Rapids Common Council (WI). Citywide; no named project. On Monday 5 October 2026 the Wisconsin Rapids Planning Commission held three public hearings and voted unanimously to recommend a 12-month development moratorium on rezonings and land divisions that would enable data center development, plus zoning amendments creating a Data Center Overlay District, outside which data centers may not be built. The Common Council met in special session immediately afterward and approved all three items unanimously. The city attorney said the moratorium takes effect the day after legal publication. (Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune (via MSN))
• Project Lightning data center, Wildwood Commerce Park (Carroll County rejects agreement amendment), Carroll County Board of Supervisors (VA). More than $11 billion per Grayson County administrator. On Monday 5 October 2026 the Carroll County Board of Supervisors voted down an amendment to the 16-year-old Wildwood Commerce Park agreement that would have shifted decision-making to the Blue Ridge Crossroads Economic Development Authority for an $11 billion data center proposal. Carroll was the only one of the three localities (with Grayson County and Galax) to reject it; Grayson’s administrator had said all three must approve the change before the project moves forward. The authority now cannot negotiate with an end user without returning to the localities, and the board agreed to explore leaving the authority. (WDBJ7, 6 October 2026)
• Osceola County pause on large-scale data center applications, Osceola County Board of County Commissioners (FL). Countywide; applies to large-scale data centers (state law defines these as 50 MW or more of anticipated monthly peak load); no specific project named. Osceola County said in a statement reported on 3 October 2026 that no applications for large-scale data centers will be considered for review until the state-mandated study under Florida’s CS/CS/SB 484 (Chapter 2026-65) is delivered to state leaders. Commissioners unanimously agreed at a June 2026 workshop to defer action on large-scale data center proposals until that report, which the Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability must commission and which is due by 1 July 2027. The county said commissioners could wait beyond that date while they evaluate the findings. The pause rests on board consensus and a county statement rather than an adopted moratorium ordinance. (Positively Osceola)

Capital at risk, added this period, newly verified from earlier periods

These entries were added in this cycle but their own dates fall before the current month. They are documentation catching up, not new activity.

• Logan County (Nebraska) 12-month data center moratorium, Logan County Board of Commissioners (NE). Countywide 12-month ban that also bars wind and solar energy systems and cryptocurrency mining facilities; no project named. The Logan County Board of Commissioners voted on Wednesday 15 July 2026 to approve a 12-month moratorium on data centers, making Logan the 12th Nebraska county to halt data center construction. The ban also covers wind and solar systems and cryptocurrency mining while the county rewrites its comprehensive plan and zoning regulations. (Nebraska Public Media, 16 July 2026)
• Custer County (Nebraska) data center moratorium, Custer County Board (NE). No project named in source. Nebraska Public Media reported on 16 July 2026 that Custer County was one of eleven Nebraska counties that already had a data center moratorium in place when Logan County approved a 12-month moratorium on 15 July 2026. The source does not give the adoption date, vote or duration for Custer County. (Nebraska Public Media, 16 July 2026)
• Project Alpaca data center (Midway Green Industrial Park), Union County Council (SC). More than $400 million investment, over 50 high-wage jobs and over 500 construction jobs. On 28 April 2026 Union County Council voted to table the first reading of a fee in lieu of tax (FILOT) ordinance for Project Alpaca, a proposed data center of more than $400 million in the Midway Green Industrial Park. The council said it will no longer consider the project for now and cancelled the 12 May 2026 public hearing; if the project is reintroduced it will hold a public information forum before deciding on the tax agreement. (FOX Carolina, 5 May 2026)
• Bernalillo three-month data center moratorium, Town of Bernalillo Town Council (NM). Pause on development approvals and permits for data centers within town limits; no project named. The Bernalillo Town Council approved a resolution on 28 September 2026 establishing a three-month moratorium on development approvals and development permits for data centers within town limits, citing potential impacts on water and energy resources, so the town can update its ordinances and processes. Mayor Jack Torres said the town would not be in a good position to address community concerns if a proposal arrived now. (Sandoval Signpost)
• Moore County (Metropolitan Lynchburg-Moore County) two-year data center pause, Metropolitan Lynchburg-Moore County Council (TN). Countywide pause on data centers while siting rules are written; no project named. The Metro Council approved a two-year pause on data centers in April 2026 to give Moore County time to decide where such projects should be allowed and what rules should apply. Planning commissioners have discussed keeping large data centers away from schools and Lynchburg’s tourism core while considering areas such as the industrial park. (Moore County Observer)
• Cass County (Nebraska) 12-month data center moratorium, Cass County Board of Commissioners (NE). Countywide (unincorporated); no named project. After a public hearing, the Cass County Board of Commissioners voted 5-0 on 11 August 2026 to approve a 12-month moratorium on permits for data centers, and tabled proposed data center regulations to 22 September 2026. The county moratorium stops at the edge of Nehawka’s extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction. (KLKN-TV)
• Otoe County (Nebraska) one-year data center moratorium, Otoe County Board of Commissioners (NE). Countywide (unincorporated); no named project. Otoe County commissioners passed a one-year moratorium on data centers at their Tuesday 19 May 2026 meeting, and the board chairman appointed a committee to update the decade-old comprehensive development plan, which defines data centers but does not place them on the land use map. Power plants, which data centers are being required to have alongside them, are within the committee’s scope. (KOLN (Nebraska City News))
• Seward County (Nebraska) one-year data center moratorium, Seward County Board of Commissioners (NE). Countywide (unincorporated); no named project. Seward County commissioners unanimously approved a moratorium on data center construction on Tuesday 30 June 2026, with two members absent. It lasts one year, unless extended, or until the county drafts and finalizes data center regulations. (Nebraska Public Media)
• West Seneca one-year data center moratorium (20 MW and above), Town of West Seneca Town Board (NY). Townwide; applies to data centers of 20 MW or more; no named project. The West Seneca Town Board voted 4-0 on Monday 28 September 2026 to adopt a local law imposing a one-year moratorium on the construction of data centers of 20 MW or more, a lower threshold than the state’s 50 MW moratorium. Supervisor Gary Dickson said no one had approached the town about a data center. The moratorium expires at the end of August 2027 and may be extended. (West Seneca Bee)
• York County nine-month data center moratorium, York County Council (SC). Countywide on new proposals; does not stop the existing $8 billion QTS Lake Wylie project. York County Council voted unanimously on Monday 13 July 2026 to start a nine-month moratorium on new data center proposals while it revises land use and zoning rules. The pause runs to about mid-April 2027 and does not stop the QTS campus already in development at Lake Wylie. County staff have since said an extension will likely be needed because an independent impact study, expected to cost $200,000 or more, could run until April and new rules would not be ready before fall 2027. (The Herald (Rock Hill), 14 July 2026)
• Oklahoma City data center moratorium, Oklahoma City Council (OK). Citywide; two pending rezoning cases exempted. The Oklahoma City Council unanimously approved a temporary moratorium that halts the acceptance of new applications and the processing and issuance of rezonings and permits for the construction or expansion of data centers, announced by the city on 21 April 2026. It took effect immediately and runs until 31 December 2026, or earlier if the council approves zoning code amendments on data centers. Two pending data center rezoning cases were exempted. (City of Oklahoma City)
• City of South Fulton data center moratorium (expired), City of South Fulton City Council (GA). Citywide; no named project. The City of South Fulton adopted a moratorium on new data center development in December 2025. In August 2026 the city approved an ordinance replacing its data center regulations with new permitting requirements and performance standards, and the moratorium expired on 9 September 2026. Mayor Carmalitha Gumbs has since said publicly that the city welcomes data centers as an economic necessity. (Bisnow)
• Black Mountain southeast Fort Worth data center site plan (EdgeConneX), Fort Worth City Council (TX). $10 billion; 187 acres; just over 1 million sq ft (revised from about 3 million). Fort Worth City Council votes on the site plan for the $10 billion campus south of Lon Stephenson Road were postponed in May and June 2026 after resident and council opposition. The developer cut the land footprint by about half and added buffers of more than 300 feet. On Tuesday 25 August 2026 the council approved an amended site plan with four buildings and a dedicated substation, and EdgeConneX said it is the developer and operator. (Fort Worth Star-Telegram (via MSN))

Sites added this period

• Muskie Data Campus (Grayson, KY). 1000 MW, announced. TeraWulf closed the acquisition of Industrial Equity Partners LLC, which controlled about 308 acres in Grayson, Kentucky, effective 22 May 2026 for phased development as an AI and HPC campus. On 1 October 2026 its subsidiary executed amended agreements with Kentucky Power increasing contracted capacity from 500 MW to 1 GW and advancing the second 500 MW phase to 2029; TeraWulf announced the change on 5 October 2026. No tenant has been announced. TeraWulf’s 26 May 2026 release describes the campus as about 285 owned and controlled acres within the 1,000-acre EastPark Industrial Park in eastern Kentucky; the Form 8-K gives about 308 acres in Grayson. The map point uses Grayson, per the filing. (SEC EDGAR (TeraWulf 8-K, 5 October 2026))
• Hendricks Group data center campus and gas plant (Henderson Road, Fiore Property) (Elizabeth Township, PA). 1000 MW, proposed. Right-to-Know records obtained by Pittsburgh’s Public Source show New Hope PA developer Tim Hendricks (Hendricks Group Developers) proposing a 1 GW, 3.7 million sq ft data center campus with a combined-cycle gas plant on a 549-acre former U.S. Steel landfill parcel on Henderson Road near the Youghiogheny River. No plans or permits have been filed; the township commission president disclosed the approach on 15 September 2026 and a town hall is set for 13 October 2026. Local group Protect Elizabeth Township and state Rep. Andrew Kuzma voiced opposition. Hendricks also has an agreement to buy 705 acres in Penn Forest Township for another data center. (Pittsburgh’s Public Source, 5 October 2026)
• DarkHorse Hopkinsville superintelligence factory (new 161 kV site) (Hopkinsville, KY). 50 MW, proposed. DarkHorse Technologies said on 6 October 2026 that its subsidiary Pennyrile Holdings signed a power contract with the Electric Plant Board of Hopkinsville for up to 50 MW for a new superintelligence factory in Hopkinsville, doubling its contracted power in the TVA region to about 100 MW. The contract has a 10-year initial term with automatic five-year renewals and an 18-month permit contingency period for local approvals. DarkHorse says the site will use closed-loop cooling only and seek no tax abatements. (DarkHorse release (Newsfile via Yahoo Finance), 6 October 2026)
• CloudHQ Queretaro campus (six data centers) (Queretaro, MX-Queretaro). $6.0B, 1000 MW, under_construction. CloudHQ is building a campus of six data centers on 52 hectares in Queretaro, presented by the Mexican federal government in September 2025 as a $4.8 billion investment with power secured for the first 200 MW of up to 900 MW of load. In September 2026 CloudHQ’s Mexico country head Luis Lugo said land conversion added about two years and electrical infrastructure about three years to the schedule, that the first 400 kV substation is finished and a second is 36 percent built, and that the campus could reach 920 MW. At a meeting with Governor Mauricio Kuri reported 4 to 5 October 2026, CloudHQ said it is raising the campus energy capacity from 250 MW to nearly 1,000 MW, fully at its own cost, and overall project financing from $4.8 billion to nearly $6 billion, with work on schedule. (6 en punto (Queretaro), 4 October 2026)

Sites added this period, newly verified from earlier periods

These entries were added in this cycle but their own dates fall before the current month. They are documentation catching up, not new activity.

• AWS data center campus near R.M. Schahfer Generating Station (Wheatfield) (Wheatfield, IN). $7.0B, under_construction. Jasper County commissioners unanimously approved development agreements on Monday 15 June 2026 for a $7 billion Amazon Web Services campus on a 304-acre NIPSCO-owned site near the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station in Wheatfield. By late August 2026 initial site work was under way and a group of residents was raising $10,000 for legal counsel to oppose it. Kankakee County IL board members have since begun reviewing Indiana Department of Environmental Management permit documents for a nearby power plant that would use Kankakee River water for cooling; Amazon says the data centers will use outdoor air cooling about 98% of the year. (InkFreeNews (county release), 22 June 2026)
• Sagebrush Infrastructure Partners hyperscale campus land (west of Hallam) (Hallam, NE). proposed. Sagebrush Infrastructure Partners, acquired by Stark Power in June 2026, signed purchase agreements between December 2025 and March 2026 with at least 11 landowners covering 21 parcels (about 1,700 acres) in Hallam and Lancaster County jurisdictions, valued at about $10.35 million by the county assessor. Stark said it is exploring a data center there and no final decision has been made; it declined to give energy, client or cost details. (Lincoln Journal Star, 30 August 2026)
• Microsoft Granger data center campus (former St. Joe Farm) (Granger, IN). proposed. Microsoft bought nearly 930 acres of St. Joe Farm land in Granger, near Currant and Cleveland roads, for $77.5 million in June 2024, per county recorder documents. The project was delayed more than a year by a dispute over water and sewer service, which Mishawaka will provide. In February 2026 the county said the campus would have five to six buildings, several hundred acres of green zone and up to 300 full-time jobs, with vertical construction planned for 2026 and some buildings online by mid-2027. The St. Joseph County Council has weighed expanding a TIF district of about 4,000 acres to capture Microsoft’s property taxes; the August 2026 vote was tabled. (Inside INdiana Business, 7 January 2025)
• Microsoft La Porte data center (Radius Industrial Park) (La Porte, IN). $1.0B, announced. Microsoft said in June 2024 it would invest $1 billion to build a 245,000 sq ft data center in the Radius Industrial Park in La Porte, creating up to 200 jobs by the end of 2032. The City of La Porte and NIPSCO approved additional incentives. As of January 2025 the project was in the entitlement phase. (Indianapolis Business Journal)
• Project Bluestem hyperscale data center (Tonganoxie, KS). 1200 MW, proposed. Cloverleaf Infrastructure first brought Project Bluestem to Leavenworth County commissioners in March 2026 and later resubmitted it with a larger footprint seeking up to 1.2 GW plus a new on-site gas power plant. Commissioners held a special meeting in Tonganoxie on 16 September 2026 to hear residents; three commissioners had earlier voted not to extend a county data center moratorium, and the planning commission advanced new data center regulations. Residents organized as Citizens Against Bluestem oppose the project over noise, water, air quality and proximity to schools. (KCTV, 16 September 2026)
• AWS Mexico (Central) Region (Queretaro, MX-Queretaro). $5.0B, operating. AWS launched the AWS Mexico (Central) Region in Queretaro on Tuesday 14 January 2025 with three Availability Zones, first announced in February 2024, and said it plans to invest more than $5 billion in Mexico over 15 years. AWS estimates the build and operation will add about $10 billion to Mexico’s GDP and support about 7,000 full-time equivalent jobs a year in its supply chain, and it set up a $300,000 AWS InCommunities Fund in Queretaro. (TechCrunch, 14 January 2025)
• ODATA QR03 campus (El Marques, MX-Queretaro). $3.0B, 300 MW, operating. ODATA, an Aligned Data Centers company, began building the QR03 hyperscale campus in El Marques, Queretaro, announced on 28 February 2024 as Mexico’s largest data center campus at 150 MW. BNamericas reported in April 2026 that ODATA launched the first phase in 2025 and that at completion QR03 will have five buildings, 300 MW of IT capacity and investment above $3 billion. (BNamericas, 7 April 2026)
• ODATA QR04 (San Miguel de Allende (near), MX-Guanajuato). 24 MW, announced. Three months after QR03 entered operation, ODATA announced QR04, a hyperscale data center near San Miguel de Allende, about 70 km from Queretaro, designed for cloud and AI demand with 24 MW of total IT capacity (BNamericas, April 2026). (BNamericas, 7 April 2026)
• KIO MEX8 (Mexico City, MX-Ciudad de Mexico). $70M, 4 MW, under_construction. KIO announced construction of MEX8, a new Mexico City data center with a $70 million investment adding 4 MW and an expected 3,000 jobs during construction. KIO also inaugurated QRO2 in Queretaro at the end of 2025, bringing its installed capacity in the state to almost 19 MW (BNamericas, April 2026). (BNamericas, 7 April 2026)
• Equinix MO2 Monterrey (Monterrey, MX-Nuevo Leon). $250M, operating. Equinix opened its MO2 data center in Monterrey in October 2025 with an initial $81 million first phase and total planned funding of $250 million, and is also expanding MX2 in the Mexico City region (BNamericas, April 2026). (BNamericas, 7 April 2026)
• Scala SMEXTP01 (Tepotzotlan, MX-Mexico). $80M, announced. Scala Data Centers announced in 2023 its first Mexican data center site, SMEXTP01 in Tepotzotlan, with an initial investment of about $80 million (BNamericas, April 2026). (BNamericas, 7 April 2026)
• Wonder Valley Alberta (Grande Prairie (near), Alberta). 7500 MW, proposed. O’Leary Digital is permitting Wonder Valley Alberta, a powered compute campus in the Greenview Industrial Gateway near Grande Prairie planned for 7.5 GW of power generation with phased powered buildings. In a 17 February 2026 release it said permitting was under way, that it controls about 26,000 acres across Alberta and Utah under a 15 GW plan, and that no construction timeline or anchor tenant had been set. A First Nation’s judicial review of the project’s water licence is recorded in at_risk (Wonder Valley AI data centre water licence judicial review). (O’Leary Digital release (PR Newswire via Yahoo Finance), 17 February 2026)
• Beltline Energy Yukon data center (Yukon, OK). $1.0B, proposed. Atlanta-based renewable developer Beltline Energy is pursuing a $1 billion hyperscale data center on 184 acres along Route 66 just west of Yukon’s commercial center, land the City of Yukon sold to it after a 4-1 council vote in August 2025, months after a former city manager signed a non-disclosure agreement for the city. The mayor says the project would bring the city $8 million to $12 million a year. The deal prompted a recall petition against Mayor Brian Pillmore and former Vice Mayor Jeff Wooten in June 2026, the vice mayor’s resignation, and certification of the mayoral recall petition (more than 1,449 signatures) announced Tuesday 4 August 2026. Beltline Energy is also pursuing data center projects in Piedmont and Luther. (The Journal Record, 11 June 2026)

Financing transactions added this period

• US Department of Energy (Office of Energy Dominance Financing), Vistra and Meta. doe loan, Conditional loan commitment of up to $4.2 billion; not yet a definitive loan. DOE’s Office of Energy Dominance Financing announced a conditional loan commitment of up to $4.2 billion to finance nuclear uprates and modernization at Vistra’s Beaver Valley plant in Pennsylvania and its Davis-Besse and Perry plants in Ohio, adding 433 MW of new capacity and preserving nearly 4 GW, with an option to finance future uprates at Comanche Peak in Texas. Vistra must satisfy technical, legal, environmental and financial conditions before definitive documents are signed and the loan is funded. The 433 MW of uprates matches the uprate energy and capacity Vistra contracted to Meta under 20-year PPAs disclosed in January 2026 (213 MW Perry, 80 MW Davis-Besse, 140 MW Beaver Valley); the DOE release does not name Meta. (US DOE)
• Digital Realty and Digital Constellation B.V.. senior notes, CHF 510.0 million total (CHF 225.0 million 1.6803% due 2029, CHF 185.0 million 2.0600% due 2032, CHF 100.0 million 2.4150% due 2036); net proceeds about CHF 508.4 million; no USD figure in the filing. Digital Realty finance subsidiary Digital Constellation B.V. priced three tranches of guaranteed Swiss franc notes, guaranteed by Digital Realty Trust, its operating partnership and Interxion holding company Digital Intrepid Holding B.V. Proceeds are to temporarily repay global revolving credit facility borrowings, acquire properties or businesses, fund development and for general corporate purposes. (SEC EDGAR (Digital Realty 8-K))
• Digital Realty and Digital Euro Finco, LLC. senior notes, Size and terms to be set at pricing; not disclosed in the 8-K. Digital Euro Finco, LLC, a Digital Realty finance subsidiary, commenced a Regulation S offering of euro-denominated guaranteed notes, guaranteed by Digital Realty Trust and its operating partnership. An amount equal to net proceeds is to be allocated to eligible green projects, including green building development and redevelopment; pending allocation, proceeds may repay global revolving credit borrowings or fund acquisitions and development. (SEC EDGAR (Digital Realty 8-K))
• Axe Compute and Duos Technologies Group. acquisition, Payoff of the SPV’s asset-backed loan of about $87.8 million plus a $42.9 million deferred purchase price payable in $715,000 monthly installments (sum of the two components stated in the release). Axe Compute acquired 100% of Duos Edge AI GPUaaS LLC, the special purpose vehicle owning the AI cluster at Duos’ facility in Columbus, Georgia (288 servers, 2,304 Nvidia B300 GPUs), with no new equity issued. The customer agreement was extended from three to five years, through 2031, and Axe expects about $364.6 million of revenue over its life. Duos keeps ownership and operation of the facility and covers colocation and energy costs for the five-year term; Duos said the sale removes about $98.1 million of prospective equipment financing. (Axe Compute release (Form 8-K Ex. 99.1))
• Boost Run and Cohere. compute lease, Cohere committed to pay about $525.6 million over the term, part as a prepayment, subject to delivery and acceptance. Boost Run LLC will provide Cohere with dedicated GPU cloud computing infrastructure; each rack runs about five years from acceptance, with initial acceptance expected to begin in the second quarter of 2027. Cohere may terminate and recover prepaid amounts if a minimum amount of infrastructure is not accepted by 15 July 2027; Boost Run Inc. guarantees refund of prepayments. Facility location not disclosed. (SEC EDGAR (Boost Run 8-K))
• Forum Markets, Edge Node AI, SBA Communications and Tillman Infrastructure. jv equity, Phase 0 capital at 100% of the JV per the investor presentation: $403 million of equipment plus $38 million of site, power, contingency and fees; Forum’s funding share about $22 million; equipment to be financed at an assumed 65% advance plus customer deposits. Forum Markets (51%, manager) and Edge Node AI (49%) formed Forum Edge AI LLC to own and operate inference GPU capacity at powered sites: 2 MW of a 4 MW Dallas data center, a six-building 5-acre High Point, North Carolina campus with 9 MW of utility power (6 MW in Phase 0), and an initial 1 to 2 MW mobile tower site in Texas under agreements with SBA Communications and Tillman. Phase 0 totals about 11 MW and 4,376 Nvidia B300/GB300 GPUs at the meter by the second quarter of 2027; the two companies also agreed a 9.95% equity exchange on milestones. (Forum Markets release (Form 8-K Ex. 99.1))
• VoltaGrid, Blackstone Tactical Opportunities and Halliburton. equity raise, $775 million primary investment from funds managed by Blackstone Tactical Opportunities and from Halliburton. A separate secondary sale by existing members was upsized from $225 million to $800 million and produced no proceeds to the company, so it is not counted.. VoltaGrid, a Houston behind-the-meter power generation company serving data centers, closed the equity investments first announced on 11 May 2026: $775 million of primary capital from Blackstone Tactical Opportunities funds and Halliburton, plus an $800 million secondary purchase from existing members (upsized from $225 million). The company said the capital supports its buildout of behind-the-meter generation capacity for data center, microgrid and industrial customers across North America. J.P. Morgan, Barclays and TD Securities were placement agents. (VoltaGrid release (GlobeNewswire via Markets Insider))
• Google and Constellation Energy. ppa, Contract value not disclosed. Constellation commits more than $4.3 billion to fund uprates at 11 nuclear units (about $2 billion at the Byron, Braidwood, LaSalle and Quad Cities plants in Illinois); that is Constellation capital spending, not the contract value. 890 MW of new capacity under the 20-year PPA; a separate 15-year agreement supplies Google with 2,700 MW through PJM (about 3.6 GW in total).. Google signed a 20-year power purchase agreement with Constellation Energy to bring 890 MW of new nuclear capacity onto the PJM grid through turbine, steam generator and digital control upgrades at 11 Constellation units in Illinois, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with the first uprate expected by 2028. Constellation said it will invest more than $4.3 billion in the uprates. In a separate agreement Constellation will supply Google with 2,700 MW over 15 years through PJM, and the companies agreed a framework to evaluate new clean generation across the US. The deal follows Amazon’s 690 MW Calvert Cliffs agreement of 30 September 2026. (Chicago Tribune, 6 October 2026)
• TeraWulf and Kentucky Power (AEP). power supply agreement, No contract value disclosed; 1 GW contracted demand (up from 500 MW); TeraWulf funds $100 million of residential bill credits over 10 years beginning 2029 (not counted as deal value). Amended agreement doubles contracted demand at TeraWulf’s Muskie Data Campus in Grayson KY to 1 GW and moves delivery of the second 500 MW phase from 2030 to 2029. TeraWulf covers estimated financing costs for Kentucky Power’s proposed 760 MW Big Sandy combined-cycle plant plus service charges, posts collateral, and funds $100 million of winter bill credits for residential customers. (The Lane Report, 5 October 2026)
• OpenAI, SoftBank Group (Vision Fund 2), Nvidia and Amazon. equity raise, $122 billion round at an $852 billion valuation (TNW); commitments of up to $50 billion from Amazon and $30 billion each from Nvidia and SoftBank. Do not add to softbank-openai-investment (the earlier $22.5 billion completed 26 December 2025). OpenAI’s $122 billion funding round, which valued the company at $852 billion, drew commitments of up to $50 billion from Amazon and $30 billion each from Nvidia and SoftBank. SoftBank paid its $30 billion in three $10 billion tranches due 1 April, 1 July and 1 October 2026, funding the last from an $11.1 billion high-yield bond sale announced 24 September 2026, which lifted its total OpenAI investment to $64.6 billion for about a 13% stake; it also repaid and closed its $40 billion bridge loan. SBS, citing The Information, reported that Nvidia also paid its final $10 billion and that Amazon’s $50 billion was paid in full in July 2026. OpenAI is now reported to be seeking a further $30 billion at a $1.4 trillion valuation. (The Next Web)
• Coffee Grounds Data LLC (signed by Arevia Power’s Ricardo Graf) and Larry Coffey (landowner). acquisition, About 560 acres valued at $3.46 million in the purchase agreement, per Lancaster County property records; option, not a closed purchase. Coffee Grounds Data LLC, a Delaware entity whose agreement was signed by Arevia Power chief development officer Ricardo Graf, agreed in September 2026 to a purchase agreement for about 560 acres off U.S. 34 and Nebraska 79 northwest of Lincoln in Lancaster County. Arevia, through its Rhea Data subsidiary, has proposed a 600 MW data center on public land in Idaho. The landowner confirmed he optioned the land for a data center. No data center application or MW figure has been filed. Lancaster County has formed a 13-member data center task force to review a proposed moratorium. (Lincoln Journal Star (via Omaha World-Herald), 4 October 2026)
• DarkHorse Technologies (Pennyrile Holdings, LLC) and Electric Plant Board of Hopkinsville (HES). power supply agreement, Up to 50 MW; 10-year initial term with automatic five-year renewals; substation cost not disclosed. Power contract for up to 50 MW for a new DarkHorse AI facility in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, served by a new DarkHorse-funded 65 MW substation on TVA’s 161 kV system that HES will own. It doubles DarkHorse’s contracted power in the TVA region to about 100 MW. Service is subject to permitting, utility construction and an 18-month permit contingency period. (DarkHorse release (Newsfile via Yahoo Finance))
• Wartsila and Unnamed major US independent power producer. equipment order, 282 MW of 15 Wartsila 50SG gas engines; order value and site not disclosed. Wartsila will supply a 282 MW onsite power plant of 15 Wartsila 50SG engines for a data center project being developed by a major US independent power producer. Equipment delivery is scheduled for 2028 and full operation for 2029. Wartsila said it is its seventh US data center related order, taking capacity sold for US data center applications above 3 GW. (Power Systems Design (Wartsila release), 5 October 2026)
• Hyperscale Data (Sentinum) and Undisclosed California-based neocloud provider. compute lease, Company says the MSA could generate more than $3.0 billion in total contract revenue over 20 years only if the customer exercises all term extensions and rights to an additional 32 MW; firm value of the initial 20 MW term not disclosed. Master services agreement with an undisclosed California-based neocloud for an initial 20 MW of critical AI compute capacity at Hyperscale Data’s Michigan campus in Dowagiac, with rights to a further 32 MW (52 MW total). On 5 October 2026 the company said it will hold an investor day on 12 November 2026 to discuss the campus and strategic alternatives, including a possible sale of the Michigan campus or an IPO of its Sentinum subsidiary, and reiterated 2027 guidance of $300 million to $350 million in revenue. (Hyperscale Data release (PR Newswire), 5 October 2026)

Financing transactions added this period, newly verified from earlier periods

These entries were added in this cycle but their own dates fall before the current month. They are documentation catching up, not new activity.

• Meta and Vistra. ppa, PPA dollar value not disclosed; 2,609 MW total. Vistra entered into 20-year power purchase agreements to supply Meta with 2,609 MW of power and capacity from its PJM nuclear plants: 1,268 MW from the operating Perry plant and 908 MW from the operating Davis-Besse plant in Ohio, plus 213 MW of uprate capacity at Perry, 80 MW at Davis-Besse and 140 MW at Beaver Valley in Pennsylvania. Delivery of operating capacity begins in late 2026 with full delivery by year end 2027; uprate deliveries begin by 2031 with full delivery by year end 2034. Meta said the power supports grids serving its operations, including the Prometheus supercluster in New Albany, Ohio. (Vistra Form 8-K)
• Meta and TerraPower. power supply agreement, Funding amount not disclosed; up to 2.8 GW across eight potential units. Meta’s agreement with TerraPower provides funding supporting development of two new Natrium units capable of up to 690 MW of firm power, with delivery as early as 2032, and gives Meta rights to energy from up to six further Natrium units (2.1 GW) targeted for delivery by 2035. At eight potential units the agreement covers 2.8 GW of baseload capacity plus 1.2 GW of built-in storage. Meta described it as its largest support of advanced nuclear to date. (Meta Newsroom)
• Meta and Oklo. power supply agreement, Funding amount not disclosed; up to 1.2 GW. Meta agreed to provide funding for early procurement and development of an Oklo advanced nuclear campus in Pike County, Ohio, which may come online as early as 2030 and could add up to 1.2 GW of baseload power into the PJM market to support Meta’s operations in the region. The agreement lays the foundation for multiple Oklo Aurora Powerhouse reactors. (Meta Newsroom)
• TeraWulf and Industrial Equity Partners. acquisition, Total recorded acquisition cost $167.5 million: $30.0 million cash at closing, $50.0 million deferred one year (recorded at present value $47.1 million), $90.0 million contingent at $90,000 per MW delivered; a further up to $50.0 million contingent on leases above 1,000 MW not recognized. TeraWulf acquired 100% of Industrial Equity Partners LLC, which owned or controlled about 308 acres in Grayson, Kentucky, for a hyperscale AI and HPC campus planned for up to 1 GW. An initial 164-acre parcel was bought at closing and the optional 144 acres in August 2026. Electric service and transmission agreements with Kentucky Power were signed concurrently. (SEC EDGAR (TeraWulf 8-K))
• Cipher Mining (now Cipher Digital) and Amazon Web Services. lease, Approximately $5.5 billion estimated contract value over a 15-year base term. Cipher signed a 15-year lease with Amazon Web Services to provide turnkey space and power for AI workloads, delivering 300 MW of gross capacity with air and liquid cooling in two phases from July 2026 to the fourth quarter of 2026, with rent commencing in August 2026. Cipher’s November 2025 investor presentation pairs the 300 MW Black Pearl facility with Amazon Web Services in its capacity chart; the Black Pearl site record describes the tenant as an undisclosed investment-grade hyperscaler. (Cipher Mining Q3 2025 release (Form 8-K Ex. 99.1))
• Galaxy Digital and CoreWeave. lease, Total contract value not disclosed; Galaxy anticipates more than $1 billion of average annual revenue across Phases I to III. CoreWeave signed a 15-year, 133 MW critical IT lease at Galaxy’s Helios campus in Dickens County, Texas on 28 March 2025, then exercised options and executed a Phase II lease, committing to the full 800 MW of approved gross power: Phase I 133 MW critical IT (about 200 MW gross, first half 2026), Phase II 260 MW (about 400 MW gross, 2027) and Phase III 133 MW (about 200 MW gross, 2028), 526 MW critical IT in total. Galaxy said the leases are expected to produce more than $1 billion of average annual revenue. (Galaxy Q2 2025 results (Form 8-K Ex. 99.1))
• Energy Transfer and Oracle. power supply agreement, Contract value not disclosed; about 900 MMcf per day of natural gas in aggregate. Energy Transfer executed multiple long-term agreements with Oracle to supply about 900 MMcf per day of natural gas to three US data centers, two of them in Texas, sourced from its intrastate pipeline network and including construction of a new pipeline lateral. Energy Transfer said it began deliveries to Oracle’s data center near Abilene, Texas in January 2026 under the first of the agreements. (Energy Transfer Q3 2025 results (Form 8-K Ex. 99.1))
• Energy Transfer and CloudBurst Data Centers. power supply agreement, Volume and value not stated in the Energy Transfer filing. Energy Transfer entered a long-term agreement to supply natural gas through its Oasis Pipeline to CloudBurst’s flagship AI-focused Next-Gen Data Center campus in central Texas, subject to CloudBurst reaching a final investment decision with its customer. (Energy Transfer Q4 2024 results (Form 8-K Ex. 99.1))
• Google and Elementl Power. power supply agreement, Development capital amount not disclosed; three projects of at least 600 MW each (at least 1.8 GW), with an option for commercial offtake. Google committed early-stage development capital to Elementl Power to pre-position three US sites for advanced nuclear projects, each expected to generate at least 600 MW, with Google holding an option for commercial offtake once complete. Elementl, a technology-agnostic nuclear developer, said it aims to bring more than 10 GW online in the US by 2035. Elementl separately announced a project of up to 1.5 GW in Letart Township, Meigs County, Ohio in June 2026, but its project page does not tie that site to Google. (Elementl Power)
• Switch. abs, Approximately $768 million Series 2026-1; Class A-2 notes rated AAA (sf), AA (low) and A (low) by DBRS Morningstar; anticipated repayment March 2031. Switch closed its Series 2026-1 asset-backed securities offering, adding a Reno, Nevada data center of about 1.4 million square feet and more than 52 MW to its master trust, which now holds 11 data centers across five US markets. Net proceeds repay existing debt and fund general corporate purposes. Switch said it has raised about $4.2 billion through five ABS issuances since 2024, all secured green bonds. (Switch release (PR Newswire via Yahoo Finance))
• DataBank. abs, $1.1 billion of secured notes in a new master trust, dual-rated by S&P and Moody’s; green bond. DataBank issued $1.1 billion of secured notes into a new master trust, its first for hyperscale facilities and fifth securitization since 2021, bringing its securitized portfolio to $3.23 billion. Proceeds refinance construction loans on its ATL4, IAD3 and LGA3 facilities, which are leased almost entirely to hyperscale and emerging hyperscale providers, and fund further US development. (DataBank release (PR Newswire via Yahoo Finance))
• DataBank. abs, $456 million green bond securitization. DataBank completed a $456 million green bond securitization in February 2024, its fourth securitization after issues of $658 million (March 2021), $330 million (October 2021) and $715 million (March 2023). (DataBank release (PR Newswire via Yahoo Finance))
• MARA Holdings and Starwood Capital Group. jv equity, No dollar figure; MARA elects a 10% to 50% interest in each joint venture and Starwood can make capital calls. MARA USA Corporation and Starwood Capital agreed that Starwood will perform pre-development work (permits, power arrangements and hyperscaler tenant procurement) on all of MARA’s US bitcoin mining properties outside existing third-party JVs. Where both parties proceed, each property is contributed to a new joint venture managed by Starwood in which MARA holds 10% to 50%; if only Starwood proceeds after securing a qualifying hyperscaler lease, MARA must sell its powered-land rights to Starwood. A decision is required within 24 months, extendable by 12 months. MARA keeps rent-free mining rights or is compensated to relocate. The Kearney, Nebraska Project Horizon already in the atlas is a Starwood Digital Ventures and MARA project. (SEC EDGAR (MARA 8-K))
• WhiteFiber, Bit Digital, B. Riley Securities and Needham & Company. ipo, Gross proceeds: 9,375,000 shares at $17.00 (about $159.4 million) plus 1,406,250 over-allotment shares (about $23.9 million per the company). WhiteFiber, Bit Digital’s HPC and AI data center subsidiary (Enovum Data Centers), completed its initial public offering on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol WYFI. Bit Digital retained about 74.3% of the shares after the base offering. (SEC EDGAR (WhiteFiber 424B4))
• WhiteFiber. convertible, $230.0 million including $20.0 million option, 4.500% due 1 February 2031; initial conversion price about $25.91. WhiteFiber completed a private offering of $230.0 million of 4.500% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031. In August 2026 it exchanged $198.15 million of these notes in connection with its 5.00% notes due 2032 (see whitefiber-convertible-notes-2032). (SEC EDGAR (WhiteFiber 8-K))
• WhiteFiber (Bit Digital) and Unifi Manufacturing. acquisition, $53.2 million cash purchase price in the 10 April 2025 agreement; paid from cash on hand. Bit Digital’s Enovum subsidiary agreed to buy an industrial building, land and certain equipment in Madison, North Carolina from Unifi Manufacturing for $53.2 million; WhiteFiber completed the acquisition on 20 May 2025 for its NC-1 HPC data center, which qualified as a North Carolina data center for sales and use tax exemptions. (SEC EDGAR (Bit Digital 8-K, April 2025))
• Bit Digital (Enovum Data Centers) and Alexandria Real Estate Equities. acquisition, CAD 33.5 million, about $23.3 million at the company’s assumed 0.70 exchange rate, excluding fees; about CAD 27.6 million (about $19.3 million) more expected for Tier-3 fit-out. Bit Digital bought the 160,000 square foot former manufacturing building at 7300 Trans-Canada Highway, Pointe-Claire, Quebec from an Alexandria Real Estate Equities subsidiary for a build-to-suit 5 MW Tier-3 AI data center (MTL-2), funded initially with cash. In June 2025 WhiteFiber’s Enovum subsidiaries signed an RBC credit agreement of up to about $43.9 million, non-recourse, primarily to refinance the MTL-2 buildout. (SEC EDGAR (Bit Digital 8-K, January 2025))
• QumulusAI and Two unnamed AI inference customers. compute lease, Combined contracted value of the three-year initial terms ($211.9 million and $29.0 million); extension options (two one-year options of $70.6 million each on the larger contract and a $19.4 million option on the smaller) excluded. Atlanta-based neocloud QumulusAI (Nasdaq: QMLS) signed two three-year take-or-pay agreements with AI inference customers covering more than 2,000 NVIDIA Blackwell B300 GPUs in two dedicated clusters, with capacity expected to be turned over in December 2026. One customer is a repeat client whose earlier $32 million two-year agreement was announced 23 July 2026. Cluster locations were not disclosed. (QumulusAI release (Business Wire via Yahoo Finance))
• xAI and Doosan Enerbility. equipment order, Contract value not disclosed; five 380 MW gas turbines, about 1,900 MW combined. xAI confirmed it bought five 380 MW natural gas turbines from South Korea’s Doosan Enerbility to power its Colossus AI supercomputing expansion around Memphis. Doosan had reported a contract for two 380 MW turbines with an unnamed major US technology company in October 2025 and an order for three more in December 2025. (Tech Times, 7 January 2026)
• Entergy Louisiana and Meta (Evest LLC). power supply agreement, Construction Review describes a $12.9 billion proposed power expansion; Utility Dive (30 April 2026) says the March deal calls for $15 billion of capital investment. Figures differ and the scope behind each is not stated, so no amount is recorded. Entergy says Meta pays the full cost of service and the agreement adds about $2 billion of customer savings over 20 years (on top of $650 million previously announced).. Under a second agreement supporting Meta’s Hyperion campus in Richland Parish, Entergy Louisiana plans, paid for by Meta, seven new natural gas combined-cycle units totaling more than 5,200 MW (about 5,278 MW, roughly 754 MW each; four near the Richland Parish campus and three near Big Cajun in Pointe Coupee Parish), three battery storage projects and about 240 miles of new 500 kV transmission. The customer entity is Evest LLC. The Louisiana PSC holds a three-day evidentiary hearing from 7 October; intervenors include the Alliance for Affordable Energy, Sierra Club, Union of Concerned Scientists, Louisiana Energy Users Group and Walmart. This is in addition to the three gas plants approved in 2025 (meta-entergy-gas-plants). (Entergy Louisiana release)
• Soluna Holdings and Briscoe Wind Farm (seller not named). acquisition, $53 million purchase price; Soluna projected $20 million to $24.4 million of annualized revenue from the wind farm. Soluna Holdings closed a $53 million acquisition of the Briscoe Wind Farm in Briscoe County, Texas, with potential generation capacity of up to 300 MW, to supply power to its Project Dorothy data center campus. (CoinMarketCap Academy, 3 April 2026)
• VoltaGrid, Goldman Sachs (left lead bookrunner), J.P. Morgan, BMO, TD Securities and Wells Fargo. senior notes, $2.0 billion senior secured second lien notes due 2030; part of a $5.0 billion package with a $3.0 billion ABL (recorded separately). VoltaGrid closed $2.0 billion of senior secured second lien notes due 2030, led by Goldman Sachs as left lead bookrunner, alongside a $3.0 billion asset-based revolving facility. Proceeds fund growth, refinance debt and support its 4.3+ GW fully contracted behind-the-meter power deployment plan for data centers through 2028. (VoltaGrid)
• VoltaGrid and JPMorgan Chase Bank (administrative agent). debt facility, $3.0 billion asset-based revolving credit facility; part of a $5.0 billion package with $2.0 billion of second lien notes (recorded separately). VoltaGrid closed a $3.0 billion asset-based revolving credit facility arranged with JPMorgan Chase Bank as administrative agent, alongside $2.0 billion of second lien notes, to fund its contracted behind-the-meter gas power deployments for data centers. (VoltaGrid)
• NTT Global Data Centers and City of Aurora. other, Up to $13.5 million of tax incentives over 10 years, paid annually only if the facility supports 27 jobs meeting salary requirements. Aurora City Council approved an incentive agreement in October 2025 for a planned NTT Global Data Centers facility of about 300,000 sq ft on a 76-acre site in the Aerotropolis Logistics Center. NTT has not submitted a development application, and the city could not confirm that NTT is part of the separate Aerotropolis Logistics Center data center plan filed in 2026 (aerotropolis-logistics-center-aurora-co). New city data center rules could apply because neither project has been accepted for review. (Sentinel Colorado)
• Stark Power Ltd. (TASE: STRK) and Sagebrush Infrastructure Partners, LLC. acquisition, Price not disclosed; Stark said it recently secured about NIS 430 million (about $140 million, assuming full exercise of related securities) from Israeli institutional investors to advance the pipeline. Israel-based Stark Power agreed to acquire 100% of Sagebrush Infrastructure Partners, a developer of hyperscale data centers with co-located natural gas power plants. Sagebrush’s portfolio is five hyperscale campuses in active development across the Central U.S. totaling about 5.6 GW of IT capacity, anchored by Sagebrush 1, which Stark says has a phased pathway to more than 1.5 GW of IT capacity. (Stark Power release (PR Newswire), 8 June 2026)

Status changes

• Former Newton Airport data center site. litigation, now moratorium. Andover Township had amended zoning to allow data centers in September 2025, then moved to ban them townwide in May 2026 after heated public meetings. National Land Developers LLC sued in New Jersey Superior Court on 10 July 2026 to overturn the ban for its roughly 97-acre former Newton Airport property. The suit argues nothing changed in the five days between the township introducing data center standards and reversing to a full prohibition. Township officials announced on Thursday 1 October 2026 that National Land Developers LLC was dismissing its suit against Ordinance 2026-13, the townwide data center prohibition, with prejudice, after the township moved in August to dismiss it. The developer had sought to build a data center at 248 Stickles Pond Road in the Route 206 Economic Development Zone. The ban stands.

Capital at risk, records updated

Same status as before; the record gained a new development or source.

• Naperville facility (rejected). Scaled back, then rejected 6-1. The Real Deal reported on 5 October 2026 that PulteGroup proposes the 262-unit Towns at Naper Commons townhome development on the site at the northwest corner of Naperville and Warrenville roads where Karis Critical’s data center was rejected, with Planning and Zoning Commission review set for the following week.
• ACE Basin proposal (moratorium). Six-month moratorium proposed; zoning reconsidered. The Charleston City Paper identifies the proposal as a $6 billion, 850-acre project by Eagle Rock Partners and Thomas and Hutton on the headwaters of the Ashepoo River, which the Southern Environmental Law Center has challenged in court. After the county moratorium delayed it, Eagle Rock shifted to a new 1,200-acre site in the western part of the county, and on 14 September 2026 the Colleton County Council lifted its moratorium in the portion of the county west of I-95 (see the Rhodes Technology Park site record). Residents Miles Crosby and Jennifer Singleton, represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center, sued Colleton County in state court over the zoning ordinance that allows data centers in rural areas by special exception, in a complaint reported 9 January 2026. The complaint says Eagle Rock Partners applied under the new rule for an 859-acre, 1,000-megawatt data center complex in the ACE Basin, and asks the court to overturn the ordinance and block approvals under it. On Monday 5 October 2026 the Southern Environmental Law Center and Colleton County announced a settlement of the lawsuit filed in January 2026 by landowners Miles Crosby and Jennifer Singleton, which challenged zoning changes allowing data centers in rural areas by special exception. Under the agreement the county will establish a Data Center Exclusion Area in its Comprehensive Plan prohibiting data centers across most of the ACE Basin in Colleton County, including lands along the Ashepoo, Combahee and Edisto rivers and the roughly 850-acre tract where the Eagle Rock campus was proposed.
• NorthMark / Valara computing center (litigation). $2.8B conversion of a former Kohler kitchen/bath plant (also a longtime bitcoin-mining site) into a computing center. State regulators initially approved ~50MW; company sought to expand to 450MW (five 17MW plus six 54MW natural gas turbines, atop 24 existing 2MW generators). On 27 August 2026 the South Carolina Public Service Commission ruled unanimously, with Commissioner David Britt recused, that the Utility Facility Siting and Environmental Protection Act does not apply to NorthMark’s 457 MW on-site power station on Pine Street in Spartanburg because it generates power for internal use rather than export to the grid, and that only the Office of Regulatory Staff can enforce the Act. The Southern Environmental Law Center opposed the ruling and may seek reconsideration or appeal. Concerned Citizens of Spartanburg County filed a further suit in the Seventh Judicial Circuit Court asking the court to require the county to apply its land development ordinance and to make Valara obtain a major land development permit before the full planning commission; a hearing was held Thursday 17 September 2026. The South Carolina Department of Environmental Services granted NorthMark and Valara an air permit on 18 September 2026 to build 11 natural gas turbines at the Pine Street data center in Spartanburg, adding 408 MW to the 48 MW already permitted, for 457 MW in total. The permit sets rolling 12-month limits of 250 tons for volatile organic compounds, 250 tons for nitrogen oxides and 25 tons for hazardous air pollutants, with no single hazardous pollutant above 10 tons, and requires quarterly reporting in the first year of operation. The Southern Environmental Law Center criticized the permit. The separate lawsuit over the county land development permit remains pending. SELC, for Concerned Citizens of Spartanburg County and the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, has asked the Public Service Commission to reconsider its August decision not to review the power plant under the Siting Act; SELC says the commission has 30 days to decide (Herald-Journal, 24 September 2026). The Southern Environmental Law Center is challenging the South Carolina Department of Environmental Services air permit approved on 18 September 2026, arguing that SCDES relied on new information and a revised formaldehyde emissions calculation (potential controlled emissions raised from 9.39 tons a year in the draft to 10.58 tons in the final permit) that came after the public comment period closed; SELC has demanded that SCDES publish the information and reopen public comment. SCDES says the figure assumes continuous operation and that the permit requires formaldehyde testing on the new turbines at different loads (WYFF, 6 October 2026).
• Volusia County large-scale data center prohibition (moratorium). The county council voted unanimously on 17 August 2026 to direct staff to draft an ordinance prohibiting large-scale data centers on land under county jurisdiction, choosing an outright prohibition over a proposed six-month moratorium. The prohibition would apply only to unincorporated Volusia County; incorporated cities retain their own authority. The county states that new applications for large-scale data centers will not be accepted in unincorporated areas while the ordinance moves through the Planning and Land Development Regulation Commission and two council public hearings. Under Florida law a large-scale data center is one expected to use at least 50 MW at peak monthly demand. Spectrum News 13 reported on 6 October 2026 that the prohibition ordinance was scheduled for first reading before the County Council that morning, with a Planning and Land Development Regulation Commission discussion on 15 October and a second and final council reading on 20 October 2026; under the ordinance the county would not review or approve applications, permits, rezonings or amendments for the construction or expansion of a large-scale data center, effective once filed with the Florida Department of State.
• Kalamazoo one-year data center moratorium (moratorium). The City Commission approved a resolution pausing data center development for one year in August 2026; some residents pressed for a permanent ban instead. On 21 September 2026 the commission took up for first reading zoning code changes that write the moratorium into the city’s zoning and development code, and set a public hearing and final vote for its next meeting. Assistant City Planner Bobby Durkee said the earlier action was only a resolution and the code change makes the pause enforceable under the zoning code and the state enabling act. WKZO reported that the moratorium is in effect and City Hall is not accepting data center applications. On Monday 5 October 2026 the City Commission held the final public hearing and vote on the zoning code amendment establishing the one-year moratorium on data centers and large battery energy storage systems; Assistant City Planner Bobby Durkee said the one-year clock begins with that approval, and staff will set up a working group to help draft regulations. WZZM reported on 6 October 2026 that Kalamazoo paused data center planning and development for one year.
• Vulcan County AI data centre campus rezoning near Travers Reservoir (litigation). Vulcan County council rezoned about 340 hectares from rural general to rural industrial in June 2026 to allow an AI data centre campus. A group of residents, the Little Bow AI Data Centre Committee, then sought a judicial review of the decision in the Alberta Court of King’s Bench, citing the reservoir’s environmental significance, irrigation use and proximity to a resort community and bible camp. The county reeve said the municipality would answer the challenge in court. The applicant said he would continue working on the project. CTV News reported on 5 October 2026 that the group of Vulcan County residents had been awarded a judicial review of the rezoning; residents want the rezoning rescinded and a more transparent process for major industrial projects. CTV describes the rezoned area as 238 hectares for a 400 MW build.
• Independence data center moratorium (moratorium). Independence, Missouri, enacted a local data center moratorium or ban, recorded in SAVRN’s moratorium tracker as dated January 2026. 180-day moratorium on new data center and battery energy storage permits. Does not affect previously approved Nebius project. The measure runs to 2 January 2027. On Monday 5 October 2026 the Independence City Council voted 6-0 to require council approval of major data centers (electrical load above 5 MW), with a 1,000-foot setback from homes, schools, parks and other sensitive uses, closed-loop cooling and limits on generator testing. KCTV reports the six-month moratorium was passed by the council in July 2026 and remains in effect through 2 January 2027. The rules do not affect the Nebius campus.
• Loop Road data center campus (Granville Township) (under appeal). The township returned the application as incomplete in July 2026 because it lacked a traffic study certification, and the developer appealed. The Zoning Hearing Board set the appeal hearing for 1 October 2026. The Granville Township Zoning Hearing Board postponed the 1 October 2026 hearing on the appeal by PA Data Center Partners (through Lewistown Development LLC) after a large crowd turned out, moving it to 26 October 2026 at the Granville Fire Co. Event Center. The proposed campus is six buildings and 1.54 million sq ft on about 245.5 acres on either side of the Mifflin County Industrial Park.
• PAX-1 data center (Middlesex Township) (litigation). Residents led by Kyler Gerber appealed the township’s approval. Judge Matthew Smith heard arguments on Friday 18 September 2026 and is reviewing a 21,000-page record, with no ruling timeline announced. The project is under construction. On Tuesday 22 September 2026 Judge Smith denied the appellants’ request to halt work while their appeal of the township’s 6 May preliminary land development approval proceeds, writing that it does not appear from the record that the appellants have a strong likelihood of prevailing on the merits. The case was not dismissed and the judge will continue to take argument; a separate suit challenging the 2025 zoning map change remains alive, and a DEP permit appeal is pending before the Environmental Hearing Board. PennLive reports the project at full buildout would be 16 buildings with a maximum computing power of 1.35 GW. PennLive reported on 1 October 2026 that the five neighboring property owners filed a new motion asking the Cumberland County court to stay construction and further plan review. They argue that state law and township ordinances require a pause while their substantive validity (spot zoning) challenge to the May 2025 data center overlay, filed with the township zoning hearing board on 13 May 2026, remains pending because the board never acted on it; in the alternative they ask for a discretionary stay. The requested stay would not apply to a PPL substation planned on the site. No court date had been set on the motion. In a ruling on Monday 5 October 2026, Cumberland County Judge Matthew Smith declined to order construction stopped, finding that a mandatory stay applies only to hearings pending before the zoning board, but scheduled a hearing for 13 November 2026 on whether to grant a discretionary stay; at the same hearing he will consider whether the challenge is a frivolous appeal under Pennsylvania law. Township supervisors gave final approval to PAX-1 in September 2026.
• County of Grande Prairie AI data centre development permit (Emerson Trail area near Sexsmith) (under appeal). The County of Grande Prairie issued a development permit through its administrative process for an AI data centre in the Emerson Trail area near Sexsmith, after land-use changes heard on 10 August 2026. Following resident objections about the lack of notice, the county said future data centre permits will go to its municipal planning commission and that it will review its 2003 Land Use Bylaw. Nearby residents have filed appeals of the permit with the Alberta Land and Property Rights Tribunal. An Alberta government spokesperson said the Land and Property Rights Tribunal received 107 appeals of the permit, which was approved administratively on 4 September 2026 for a data processing establishment, five accessory buildings, 15 generators and 15 cooling units applied for by Tower Services and Contracting Ltd. in December 2025; the tribunal must schedule a hearing within 30 days. The county reeve said council cannot revoke the permit and that council would meet on 5 October 2026 to consider removing data processing as a permitted use in industrial zones.
• Urbana Technology Hub data center (Thor Equities) (litigation). Urbana City Council passed an emergency 12-month moratorium on new data centers in March 2026 and in June 2026 repealed the zoning amendment that had allowed data centers on the site. Thor Equities then sued the city, the council and the Building and Zoning Appeals Board in federal court (reported 19 June 2026), saying it had invested over $19 million and filed a site plan in February. On 4 August 2026 the council sent a citizen-initiated charter amendment banning data center construction (with an exemption under 7.5 MW for single-organization facilities) to the 3 November 2026 ballot. Court-ordered mediation sessions on 21 and 25 September 2026 produced a settlement proposal from Thor that must be approved by the city council and the court; the next council meeting is 6 October 2026. On 5 October 2026 Mayor Bill Bean released the terms of the mediated proposal, set out in a memorandum of understanding that is not final and needs City Council approval of a settlement agreement and consent decree plus federal court sign-off; council was to review it in executive session on 6 October 2026. Thor would waive damages claims the city estimates at over $115 million, pay the city up to $50 million over the life of the project (starting at the Phase One building permit, then tied to each certificate of occupancy), forgo a Community Reinvestment Area tax abatement, fund an independent environmental study including impacts on Cedar Bog and water and sewer capacity before construction, subsidize needed water and wastewater upgrades, and provide emergency management and decommissioning plans. The project would still go through site plan review, and any expansion beyond the proposal would need council’s written agreement.
• Google Hermantown data center (Project Loon) (litigation). The citizens’ group Stop the Hermantown Data Center sued the City of Hermantown in St. Louis County District Court on 29 April 2026, alleging the city improperly amended its 2045 comprehensive plan and rezoned the Adolph neighborhood for the data center, and violated the open meeting law by closing three meetings. The group asks the court to vacate the plan and undo the rezoning the council approved in October 2025. A separate suit filed in November 2025 with the Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy alleges the project’s environmental review was inadequate. No ruling in either case was found in the sources reviewed, and the project still needs city council approval. The Hermantown City Council voted unanimously, as reported on 5 October 2026, to adopt the updated Alternative Urban Areawide Review for the proposed data center, which was first adopted in October 2025 and redone and finalized in August 2026. The Stop the Hermantown Data Center group said residents had asked for a full Environmental Impact Statement instead.

Sites updated

• Muskogee HPC data center (figures now 1500 MW). On 6 May 2026 Core Scientific announced a plan to scale Muskogee to about 1.5 GW of gross power (about 1.0 GW leasable), including the acquisition of Polaris DS (about 440 MW contracted with Oklahoma Gas & Electric, completed August 2026), a second unleased 82.5 MW building under construction with initial delivery expected in the fourth quarter of 2027, about 250 acres of added land and a planned behind-the-meter power solution
• Black Mountain southeast Fort Worth data center campus. The Fort Worth City Council approved the amended site plan (four buildings and a substation serving only the data center) on Tuesday 25 August 2026; at that meeting EdgeConneX said it is the developer and operator
• Google Chesterfield campuses: Project Peanut (Meadowville), Project Skye (Moseley Road) and Project Loch (Watkins Centre Parkway). The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality issued a Notice of Violation to Peanut LLC on 29 September 2026 citing seven unpermitted sediment runoff incidents at the Project Peanut construction site between December 2025 and August 2026, which DEQ estimates affected 7,735 linear feet of stream channel, 0.75 acres of forested wetlands and 0.65 acres of emergent wetlands, impacts not authorized under the project’s Virginia Water Protection permit; some incidents were also not reported within the required 24 hours. DEQ said full compliance and remediation within 30 days could let the matter be closed administratively, failing which it may pursue formal enforcement including civil charges. Google said heavy rainfall overwhelmed stormwater controls, that it temporarily paused general construction to focus on cleanup and stabilization, and that most items in the notice have been addressed
• Proposed Google hyperscale data center, Hermantown. The Hermantown City Council unanimously adopted the updated Alternative Urban Areawide Review for the proposed data center, reported 5 October 2026. The AUAR was first adopted in October 2025 and redone and finalized in August 2026. The Stop the Hermantown Data Center group continues to call for a full Environmental Impact Statement
• River Bend campus (location corrected from Louisiana to West Feliciana Parish, LA). Construction progress reported 4 August 2026
• Hyperscale Data Michigan AI data center (Alliance Cloud Services). On 5 October 2026 Hyperscale Data said strategic alternatives under evaluation include selling the Michigan campus, taking its Sentinum subsidiary public, or continuing to own and develop it, to be discussed at an investor day on 12 November 2026. The company says the campus could ultimately support more than 300 MW, subject to financing and approvals
• Vantage Trident Data Center, Aurora. Vantage told the Denver Post on 5 October 2026 that the roughly 860,000 sq ft facility on a 108-acre site would draw 334 MW for cloud and AI workloads and use a closed-loop system needing an initial 600,000 gallons and about 2,200 gallons a day. Mayor Mike Coffman wrote on Facebook after the 1 October council meeting that the project received preliminary administrative approval because data centers are a permitted use, and that he would call it up for a public hearing and ask council for a no vote regardless of possible litigation. No formal action had been taken as of 6 October 2026. Per Sentinel Colorado (5 October 2026), the site is 23001 East 48th Avenue in the Airport District zone, where data centers are a use by right; the application was first submitted in August 2025 and the fourth review submission is due 26 October 2026. Coffman said he will call the project up for a council vote and ask colleagues to vote against it regardless of litigation risk, but a city spokesperson said he cannot do so until it is approved; the next council meeting is 12 October 2026. Under an agreement approved in June 2025, Vantage could receive up to $38.9 million in tax incentives over 10 years. The plans include 28 emergency generators and battery storage
• Monolith Olive Creek data center (built by Crusoe) (planning commission recommended approval, now approved). On Monday 5 October 2026 the Hallam village board voted 5-0 to approve the special use permit for the 10-acre modular data center to be built by Crusoe at Monolith’s Olive Creek site. The community benefit agreement provides $160,000 when construction starts ($150,000 to Hallam Volunteer Fire and Rescue), another $1 million once operational and $150,000 a year for 10 years, administered by the Nebraska Community Foundation. The center is capped at 35 MW
• Delta Forge 2 AI Factory campus. At its first community town hall on Thursday 1 October 2026, Applied Digital said the campus will be a single AI factory building with generator buildings running up to 210 MW of computing capacity, built over 12 to 16 months with at least 1,000 construction workers and more than 100 permanent jobs. It described a closed-loop cooling system needing about 1.4 million gallons at the outset and about 750,000 gallons a year thereafter, and said it will pay for the power improvements serving the site
• Project Lightning data center, Wildwood Commerce Park. On Monday 5 October 2026 the Carroll County Board of Supervisors voted down the amendment shifting negotiating power to the Blue Ridge Crossroads Economic Development Authority, the only one of the three localities to do so, and agreed to explore leaving the authority
• Skybox Hutto data center campus (3399 County Road 132). Skybox’s chief development officer told the Austin Business Journal (reported by The Real Deal on 5 October 2026) that the company plans to close on the 140-acre Project Sequel property in February 2027 and, with Prologis, market it as a build-to-suit industrial site while pursuing power for two data centers on about half the land; because of the statewide pause on data center grid connections, Skybox does not expect to know its available power capacity until 2028, so the data centers are likely to be delayed. Its first Hutto-area project, PowerCampus Austin, has leased its four planned buildings to tenants including Google
• Meta Tulsa Data Center (Project Anthem), Fair Oaks Industrial Innovation Park (announced, now under_construction). Meta’s newsroom post of 21 April 2026 announced it was breaking ground on the Tulsa data center, its first in Oklahoma, 28th in the US and 32nd globally, with about 1,000 construction jobs at peak and 100 operational jobs
• Taylor Technology Campus (formerly Project Mustang), between FM 112 and U.S. 79 (figures now 500 MW). Reporting on 5 October 2026 put the campus at 500 MW of data center load with on-site power generation, with a possible further 500 MW for an unidentified tenant. A developer-commissioned RCLCO study projects $1.38 billion in gross tax revenue for Taylor over 20 years (2027 to 2046), about $4.8 billion in regional economic impact, 320 permanent jobs and $28.2 million in community benefit funding, including $13 million to the city and $12.7 million to Taylor ISD programs. The agreement sets 700-foot setbacks along FM 112, a 65 dB(A) noise limit at the property line and a closed-loop cooling system using reclaimed water. The developers do not yet own the site. No capital investment figure has been disclosed. The council vote is set for 8 October 2026. The Taylor Press reported on 5 October 2026 that the companies are co-creating a 500 MW data center with on-site generation, that developers cite a $4.8 billion regional economic impact (developer estimate, not capital) and that the City Council will vote on the new annexation and development agreement on 8 October 2026; the agreement includes 700-foot setbacks along FM 112. A resident coalition is in court seeking to put a data center permitting ban on the 3 November 2026 ballot
• Project Hercules data center campus (267 Industrial Park Lane). Cardinal News reported on 5 October 2026 that construction has not started but is expected by the end of the year, according to the county’s economic development authority chair; the build is set to last about 10 years with at least 500 construction jobs and six or seven data centers. The county administrator said the site has 50 MW available now, DEQ has approved the stormwater plan, and attorneys are finalizing the performance agreement language. The town of Appomattox will supply up to 45,000 gallons a day of water and of wastewater service
• Google Project Dazzler data center campus (Franklin Furnace, Green Township). At the Scioto County commissioners’ meeting of Thursday 1 October 2026 a resident described hundreds of workers and heavy equipment at the site, while a labor representative said about 20 workers were on site, possibly reaching 50 at peak; commissioners said construction is progressing quickly but gave no completion timeline

Financing transactions updated

• Entergy and Meta. Three new natural gas plants near the Hyperion site at a cost of $3 billion, built by utility Entergy. Announced alongside the December 2024 Hyperion announcement
• Ares Secondaries funds, Sabey Data Center Properties, Sabey Corporation, National Real Estate Advisors, Evercore and Citizens Capital Markets & Advisory. Amount $500M, previously n.a.. Ares’ total investment in SDCP is more than $500 million after the follow-on commitment announced 5 October 2026 (figure is a floor); July 2026 tranche size not separately disclosed. Announced 8 July 2026; follow-on commitment announced Monday 5 October 2026 (GlobeNewswire)

How to read this

Every figure in the atlas links to the page that states it. Where a value could not be confirmed from a fetched source, the entry reads n.a. rather than an estimate, and roughly two-thirds of the capital-at-risk rows carry either a dollar figure or a megawatt figure but not both, because local rezoning dockets disclose acreage and square footage while investment figures come from economic-development announcements that a withdrawn project never makes. The dollar total of the rows that do disclose a figure is therefore a floor, not a census.

The atlas sits alongside two companion references: the Nationwide Data Center Delay Watchlist, which tracks project-level slippage, queues, and securities filings, and the U.S. Data Center Moratorium Tracker, which maps state and local policy measures. All citations behind this atlas are listed on one page.