ELECTRA is a new method for self-supervised language representation learning. It can be used to pre-train transformer networks using relatively little compute. ELECTRA models are trained to distinguish "real" input tokens vs "fake" input tokens generated by another neural network, similar to the discriminator of a GAN. At small scale, ELECTRA achieves strong results even when trained on a single GPU. At large scale, ELECTRA achieves state-of-the-art results on the SQuAD 2.0 dataset. For a detailed description and experimental results, please refer to our paper ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators. This repository contains code to pre-train ELECTRA…
Google Open Source AI
Models in Library64
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Models
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
Vision Transformer (ViT) model pre-trained on ImageNet-21k (14 million images, 21,843 classes) at resolution 224x224, and fine-tuned on ImageNet 2012 (1 million images, 1,000 classes) at resolution 224x224. It was introduced in the paper An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale by Dosovitskiy et al. and first released in this repository. However, the weights were converted from the timm repository by Ross Wightman, who already converted the weights from JAX to PyTorch. Credits go to him. Disclaimer: The team releasing ViT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. The Vision Transformer (ViT) is a…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
SigLIP 2 extends the pretraining objective of SigLIP with prior, independently developed techniques into a unified recipe, for improved semantic understanding, localization, and dense features. You can use the raw model for tasks like zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval, or as a vision encoder for VLMs (and other vision tasks). Here is how to use this model to perform zero-shot image classification: You can encode an image using the Vision Tower like so: For more code examples, we refer to the siglip documentation. SigLIP 2 adds some clever training objectives on top of SigLIP: SigLIP 2 is pre-trained on the WebLI dataset (Chen et al., 2023). The model was trained on up…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
[Gemma 3 Technical Report][g3-tech-report] [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit][rai-toolkit] [Gemma on Kaggle][kaggle-gemma] [Gemma on Vertex Model Garden][vertex-mg-gemma3] Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs. Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google, built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models. Gemma 3 models are multimodal, handling text and image input and generating text output, with open weights for both pre-trained variants and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 3 has a large, 128K context window, multilingual support in over 140 languages, and is available in more sizes than previous…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
EmbeddingGemma is a 300M parameter, state-of-the-art for its size, open embedding model from Google, built from Gemma 3 (with T5Gemma initialization) and the same research and technology used to create Gemini models. EmbeddingGemma produces vector representations of text, making it well-suited for search and retrieval tasks, including classification, clustering, and semantic similarity search. This model was trained with data in 100+ spoken languages. The small size and on-device focus makes it possible to deploy in environments with limited resources such as mobile phones, laptops, or desktops, democratizing access to state of the art AI models and helping foster innovation for everyone.…
SigLIP 2 extends the pretraining objective of SigLIP with prior, independently developed techniques into a unified recipe, for improved semantic understanding, localization, and dense features. You can use the raw model for tasks like zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval, or as a vision encoder for VLMs (and other vision tasks). Here is how to use this model to perform zero-shot image classification: You can encode an image using the Vision Tower like so: For more code examples, we refer to the siglip documentation. SigLIP 2 adds some clever training objectives on top of SigLIP: SigLIP 2 is pre-trained on the WebLI dataset (Chen et al., 2023). The model was trained on up…
SigLIP model pre-trained on WebLi at resolution 224x224. It was introduced in the paper Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training by Zhai et al. and first released in this repository. Disclaimer: The team releasing SigLIP did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. SigLIP is CLIP, a multimodal model, with a better loss function. The sigmoid loss operates solely on image-text pairs and does not require a global view of the pairwise similarities for normalization. This allows further scaling up the batch size, while also performing better at smaller batch sizes. A TLDR of SigLIP by one of the authors can be found here. You can use…
TimesFM (Time Series Foundation Model) is a pretrained time-series foundation model developed by Google Research for time-series forecasting. Please reinstall the latest version of the timesfm package to reflect these changes. Results should be unchanged. This checkpoint is not an officially supported Google product. See TimesFM in BigQuery for Google official support. timesfm-2.5-200m is the third open model checkpoint. timesfm-2.5-200m is pretrained using - Wikimedia Pageviews, cutoff Nov 2023 (see paper for details). - Google Trends top queries, cutoff EoY 2022 (see paper for details). - Synthetic and augmented data. At this point, please run
[Gemma 3 Technical Report][g3-tech-report] [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit][rai-toolkit] [Gemma on Kaggle][kaggle-gemma] [Gemma on Vertex Model Garden][vertex-mg-gemma3] Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs. Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google, built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models. Gemma 3 models are multimodal, handling text and image input and generating text output, with open weights for both pre-trained variants and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 3 has a large, 128K context window, multilingual support in over 140 languages, and is available in more sizes than previous…
Vision Transformer (ViT) model pre-trained on ImageNet-21k (14 million images, 21,843 classes) at resolution 224x224. It was introduced in the paper An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale by Dosovitskiy et al. and first released in this repository. However, the weights were converted from the timm repository by Ross Wightman, who already converted the weights from JAX to PyTorch. Credits go to him. Disclaimer: The team releasing ViT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. The Vision Transformer (ViT) is a transformer encoder model (BERT-like) pretrained on a large collection of images in a…
The OWLv2 model (short for Open-World Localization) was proposed in Scaling Open-Vocabulary Object Detection by Matthias Minderer, Alexey Gritsenko, Neil Houlsby. OWLv2, like OWL-ViT, is a zero-shot text-conditioned object detection model that can be used to query an image with one or multiple text queries. The model uses CLIP as its multi-modal backbone, with a ViT-like Transformer to get visual features and a causal language model to get the text features. To use CLIP for detection, OWL-ViT removes the final token pooling layer of the vision model and attaches a lightweight classification and box head to each transformer output token. Open-vocabulary classification is enabled by replacing…
SigLIP 2 extends the pretraining objective of SigLIP with prior, independently developed techniques into a unified recipe, for improved semantic understanding, localization, and dense features. You can use the raw model for tasks like zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval, or as a vision encoder for VLMs (and other vision tasks). Here is how to use this model to perform zero-shot image classification: You can encode an image using the Vision Tower like so: For more code examples, we refer to the siglip documentation. SigLIP 2 adds some clever training objectives on top of SigLIP: SigLIP 2 is pre-trained on the WebLI dataset (Chen et al., 2023). The model was trained on up…
alt="drawing" width="600"/> If you already know T5, FLAN-T5 is just better at everything. For the same number of parameters, these models have been fine-tuned on more than 1000 additional tasks covering also more languages. As mentioned in the first few lines of the abstract: Disclaimer: Content from this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team, and parts of it were copy pasted from the T5 model card. Find below some example scripts on how to use the model in transformers: The authors write in the original paper's model card that: See the research paper for further details. The information below in this section are copied from the model's official model card: The model was…
MobileBERT is a thin version of BERTLARGE, while equipped with bottleneck structures and a carefully designed balance between self-attentions and feed-forward networks. This checkpoint is the original MobileBert Optimized Uncased English: checkpoint.
SigLIP model pre-trained on WebLi at resolution 384x384. It was introduced in the paper Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training by Zhai et al. and first released in this repository. This model has the SoViT-400m architecture, which is the shape-optimized version as presented in Getting ViT in Shape: Scaling Laws for Compute-Optimal Model Design by Alabdulmohsin et al. Disclaimer: The team releasing SigLIP did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team. SigLIP is CLIP, a multimodal model, with a better loss function. The sigmoid loss operates solely on image-text pairs and does not require a global view of the pairwise similarities…
Model on Google Cloud Model Garden: MedGemma GitHub repository (supporting code, Colab notebooks, discussions, and Foundations terms of use](https://developers.google.com/health-ai-developer-foundations/terms). This section describes the MedGemma model and how to use it. MedGemma is a collection of Gemma 3 variants that are trained for performance on medical text and image comprehension. Developers can use MedGemma to accelerate building healthcare-based AI applications. MedGemma currently comes in three variants: a 4B multimodal version and 27B text-only and multimodal versions. Both MedGemma multimodal versions utilize a SigLIP image encoder that has been specifically pre-trained on a…
SigLIP 2 extends the pretraining objective of SigLIP with prior, independently developed techniques into a unified recipe, for improved semantic understanding, localization, and dense features. You can use the raw model for tasks like zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval, or as a vision encoder for VLMs (and other vision tasks). Here is how to use this model to perform zero-shot image classification: You can encode an image using the Vision Tower like so: For more code examples, we refer to the siglip documentation. SigLIP 2 adds some clever training objectives on top of SigLIP: SigLIP 2 is pre-trained on the WebLI dataset (Chen et al., 2023). The model was trained on up…
SigLIP 2 extends the pretraining objective of SigLIP with prior, independently developed techniques into a unified recipe, for improved semantic understanding, localization, and dense features. You can use the raw model for tasks like zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval, or as a vision encoder for VLMs (and other vision tasks). Here is how to use this model to perform zero-shot image classification: You can encode an image using the Vision Tower like so: For more code examples, we refer to the siglip2 documentation. SigLIP 2 adds some clever training objectives on top of SigLIP: SigLIP 2 is pre-trained on the WebLI dataset (Chen et al., 2023). The model was trained on up…
TimesFM (Time Series Foundation Model) is a pretrained time-series foundation model developed by Google Research for time-series forecasting. This repository contains the official PyTorch weights and configurations for TimesFM 3.0. This model is released under the TimesFM Non-Commercial License v1.0. timesfm-3.0 is pretrained using - GiftEvalPretrain excluding the datasets that overlap with fev-bench - Wikipedia Pageviews, cutoff Nov 2023 (see paper for details). - Google Trends top queries, cutoff EoY 2022 (see paper for details). - Synthetic and augmented data. title={A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecasting}, author={Das, Abhimanyu and Kong, Weihao and Sen, Rajat and…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
[Responsible Generative AI Toolkit][rai-toolkit] [Gemma on Kaggle][kaggle-gemma] [Gemma on Vertex Model Garden][vertex-mg-gemma] Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs. Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google, built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models. They are text-to-text, decoder-only large language models, available in English, with open weights for both pre-trained variants and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma models are well-suited for a variety of text generation tasks, including question answering, summarization, and reasoning. Their relatively small size makes it possible to deploy them…
Pretrained model on English language using a masked language modeling (MLM) and next sentence prediction (NSP) objective. It was introduced in this paper and first released in this repository. This model is cased: it makes a difference between english and English. The model achieves 0.58 accuracy on MLM objective and 0.80 on NSP objective. FNet is a transformers model with attention replaced with fourier transforms. Hence, the inputs do not contain an attentionmask. It is pretrained on a large corpus of English data in a self-supervised fashion. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
alt="drawing" width="600"/> If you already know T5, FLAN-T5 is just better at everything. For the same number of parameters, these models have been fine-tuned on more than 1000 additional tasks covering also more languages. As mentioned in the first few lines of the abstract: Disclaimer: Content from this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team, and parts of it were copy pasted from the T5 model card. Find below some example scripts on how to use the model in transformers: The authors write in the original paper's model card that: See the research paper for further details. The information below in this section are copied from the model's official model card: The model was…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
alt="drawing" width="600"/> If you already know T5, FLAN-T5 is just better at everything. For the same number of parameters, these models have been fine-tuned on more than 1000 additional tasks covering also more languages. As mentioned in the first few lines of the abstract: Disclaimer: Content from this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team, and parts of it were copy pasted from the T5 model card. Find below some example scripts on how to use the model in transformers: The authors write in the original paper's model card that: See the research paper for further details. The information below in this section are copied from the model's official model card: The model was…
ByT5 is a tokenizer-free version of Google's T5 and generally follows the architecture of MT5. ByT5 was only pre-trained on mC4 excluding any supervised training with an average span-mask of 20 UTF-8 characters. Therefore, this model has to be fine-tuned before it is useable on a downstream task. ByT5 works especially well on noisy text data,e.g., google/byt5-small significantly outperforms mt5-small on TweetQA. Paper: ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte models Authors: Linting Xue, Aditya Barua, Noah Constant, Rami Al-Rfou, Sharan Narang, Mihir Kale, Adam Roberts, Colin Raffel ByT5 works on raw UTF-8 bytes and can be used without a tokenizer: For batched…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
Gemma is a family of open models built by Google DeepMind. Gemma 4 models are multimodal, handling text and image input (with audio supported on E2B, E4B, and 12B) and generating text output. This release includes open-weights models in both pre-trained and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma 4 features a context window of up to 256K tokens and maintains multilingual support in over 140 languages. Featuring both Dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, Gemma 4 is well-suited for tasks like text generation, coding, and reasoning. The models are available in five distinct sizes: E2B, E4B, 12B, 26B A4B, and 31B. Their diverse sizes make them deployable in environments ranging from…
mT5 is pretrained on the mC4 corpus, covering 101 languages: Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Belarusian, Bengali, Bulgarian, Burmese, Catalan, Cebuano, Chichewa, Chinese, Corsican, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hausa, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Korean, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Lao, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Malagasy, Malay, Malayalam, Maltese, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian, Nepali, Norwegian, Pashto, Persian, Polish…
Original TF 1 code here Authors: Jingqing Zhang, Yao Zhao, Mohammad Saleh and Peter J. Liu on Dec 18, 2019 The following is copied from the authors' README. We train a pegasus model with sampled gap sentence ratios on both C4 and HugeNews, and stochastically sample important sentences. The updated the results are reported in this table. The "Mixed & Stochastic" model has the following changes: - trained on both C4 and HugeNews (dataset mixture is weighted by their number of examples). - trained for 1.5M instead of 500k (we observe slower convergence on pretraining perplexity). - the model uniformly sample a gap sentence ratio between 15% and 45%. - importance sentences are sampled using a…
Google's T5 Version 1.1 T5 Version 1.1 includes the following improvements compared to the original T5 model- GEGLU activation in feed-forward hidden layer, rather than ReLU - see here. - Dropout was turned off in pre-training (quality win). Dropout should be re-enabled during fine-tuning. - Pre-trained on C4 only without mixing in the downstream tasks. - no parameter sharing between embedding and classifier layer - "xl" and "xxl" replace "3B" and "11B". The model shapes are a bit different - larger dmodel and smaller numheads and dff. Note: T5 Version 1.1 was only pre-trained on C4 excluding any supervised training. Therefore, this model has to be fine-tuned before it is useable on a…
Datasets
This dataset contains the prompts used in the Instruction-Following Eval (IFEval) benchmark for large language models. It contains around 500 "verifiable instructions" such as "write in more than 400 words" and "mention the keyword of AI at least 3 times" which can be verified by heuristics. To load the dataset, run: The IFEval dataset is designed for evaluating chat or instruction fine-tuned language models and is one of the core benchmarks used in the Open LLM Leaderboard. The data in IFEval are in English (BCP-47 en). An example of the train split looks as follows: The data fields are as follows: key: A unique ID for the prompt. prompt: Describes the task the model should perform.…
BoolQ is a question answering dataset for yes/no questions containing 15942 examples. These questions are naturally occurring ---they are generated in unprompted and unconstrained settings. Each example is a triplet of (question, passage, answer), with the title of the page as optional additional context. The text-pair classification setup is similar to existing natural language inference tasks. An example of 'validation' looks as follows. The data fields are the same among all splits. - question: a string feature. - answer: a bool feature. - passage: a string feature. BoolQ is released under the Creative Commons Share-Alike 3.0 license. Thanks to @lewtun, @lhoestq, @thomwolf…
Universal Representations of Speech](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12446) Fleurs is the speech version of the FLoRes machine translation benchmark. We use 2009 n-way parallel sentences from the FLoRes dev and devtest publicly available sets, in 102 languages. Training sets have around 10 hours of supervision. Speakers of the train sets are different than speakers from the dev/test sets. Multilingual fine-tuning is used and ”unit error rate” (characters, signs) of all languages is averaged. Languages and results are also grouped into seven geographical areas: The datasets library allows you to load and pre-process your dataset in pure Python, at scale. The dataset can be downloaded and prepared…