Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaolong Huang, Binxing Jiao, Linjun Yang, Daxin Jiang, Rangan Majumder, Furu Wei, arXiv 2022 This model has 24 layers and the embedding size is 1024. Below is an example to encode queries and passages from the MS-MARCO passage ranking dataset. Please refer to our paper at https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.03533.pdf. Check out unilm/e5 to reproduce evaluation results on the BEIR and MTEB benchmark. Below is an example for usage with sentencetransformers. Package requirements pip install sentencetransformers~=2.2.2 1. Do I need to add the prefix "query: " and "passage: " to input texts? Yes, this is how the model is trained, otherwise you will see a performance degradation.…
Open-weight model · Sentence similarity
lt-wikidata-comp-de
by Dell Research Harvard dell-research-harvard/lt-wikidata-comp-de
This is a LinkTransformer model. At its core this model this is a sentence transformer model sentence-transformers model- it just wraps around the class. It is designed for quick and easy record linkage (entity-matching) through the LinkTransformer package.
Runs On
What it takes to serve lt-wikidata-comp-de (336M parameters): the memory its weights need at each precision, and the cheapest way to rent enough data-center GPUs to hold them.
| Precision | Weights | Memory needed | Cheapest setup | Per hour | Also fits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-bit | 0.7 GB | 0.8 GB | 1x MI300X (192 GB) Vultr |
$1.85 | 1x H100 $1.99 · 1x MI325X $2.00 |
| 8-bit | 0.3 GB | 0.4 GB | 1x MI300X (192 GB) Vultr |
$1.85 | 1x H100 $1.99 · 1x MI325X $2.00 |
| 4-bit | 0.2 GB | 0.2 GB | 1x MI300X (192 GB) Vultr |
$1.85 | 1x H100 $1.99 · 1x MI325X $2.00 |
Memory is the weights at that precision plus 20% for the runtime and a short context; a long context needs more. Prices are the lowest on-demand hourly rates in the SAVRN Index, read Sep 18, 2026.
Model Card
By Dell Research Harvard, published under mit, revision bf19cfebe8ab.
This is a LinkTransformer model. At its core this model this is a sentence transformer model sentence-transformers model- it just wraps around the class. It is designed for quick and easy record linkage (entity-matching) through the LinkTransformer package. The tasks include clustering, deduplication, linking, aggregation and more. Notwithstanding that, it can be used for any sentence similarity task within the sentence-transformers framework as well. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. Take a look at the documentation of sentence-transformers if you want to use this model for more than what we…
Read Dell Research Harvard's full model card
{MODEL_NAME}
This is a LinkTransformer model. At its core this model this is a sentence transformer model sentence-transformers model- it just wraps around the class. It is designed for quick and easy record linkage (entity-matching) through the LinkTransformer package. The tasks include clustering, deduplication, linking, aggregation and more. Notwithstanding that, it can be used for any sentence similarity task within the sentence-transformers framework as well. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. Take a look at the documentation of sentence-transformers if you want to use this model for more than what we support in our applications.
This model has been fine-tuned on the model : Sahajtomar/German-semantic. It is pretrained for the language : - de.
This model was trained on a dataset consisting of company aliases from wiki data using the LinkTransformer framework. It was trained for 100 epochs using other defaults that can be found in the repo's LinkTransformer config file - LT_training_config.json
Usage (LinkTransformer)
Using this model becomes easy when you have LinkTransformer installed:
pip install -U linktransformer
Then you can use the model like this:
import linktransformer as lt
import pandas as pd
##Load the two dataframes that you want to link. For example, 2 dataframes with company names that are written differently
df1=pd.read_csv("data/df1.csv") ###This is the left dataframe with key CompanyName for instance
df2=pd.read_csv("data/df2.csv") ###This is the right dataframe with key CompanyName for instance
###Merge the two dataframes on the key column!
df_merged = lt.merge(df1, df2, on="CompanyName", how="inner")
##Done! The merged dataframe has a column called "score" that contains the similarity score between the two company names
Training your own LinkTransformer model
Any Sentence Transformers can be used as a backbone by simply adding a pooling layer. Any other transformer on HuggingFace can also be used by specifying the option add_pooling_layer==True The model was trained using SupCon loss. Usage can be found in the package docs. The training config can be found in the repo with the name LT_training_config.json To replicate the training, you can download the file and specify the path in the config_path argument of the training function. You can also override the config by specifying the training_args argument. Here is an example.
##Consider the example in the paper that has a dataset of Mexican products and their tariff codes from 1947 and 1948 and we want train a model to link the two tariff codes.
saved_model_path = train_model(
model_path="hiiamsid/sentence_similarity_spanish_es",
dataset_path=dataset_path,
left_col_names=["description47"],
right_col_names=['description48'],
left_id_name=['tariffcode47'],
right_id_name=['tariffcode48'],
log_wandb=False,
config_path=LINKAGE_CONFIG_PATH,
training_args={"num_epochs": 1}
)
You can also use this package for deduplication (clusters a df on the supplied key column). Merging a fine class (like product) to a coarse class (like HS code) is also possible. Read our paper and the documentation for more!
Evaluation Results
You can evaluate the model using the LinkTransformer package's inference functions. We have provided a few datasets in the package for you to try out. We plan to host more datasets on Huggingface and our website (Coming soon) that you can take a look at.
Training
The model was trained with the parameters:
DataLoader:
torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader of length 667 with parameters:
{'batch_size': 64, 'sampler': 'torch.utils.data.dataloader._InfiniteConstantSampler', 'batch_sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.BatchSampler'}
Loss:
linktransformer.modified_sbert.losses.SupConLoss_wandb
Parameters of the fit()-Method:
{
"epochs": 100,
"evaluation_steps": 334,
"evaluator": "sentence_transformers.evaluation.SequentialEvaluator.SequentialEvaluator",
"max_grad_norm": 1,
"optimizer_class": "<class 'torch.optim.adamw.AdamW'>",
"optimizer_params": {
"lr": 2e-05
},
"scheduler": "WarmupLinear",
"steps_per_epoch": null,
"warmup_steps": 66700,
"weight_decay": 0.01
}
LinkTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False}) )
## Citing & Authors
@misc{arora2023linktransformer, title={LinkTransformer: A Unified Package for Record Linkage with Transformer Language Models}, author={Abhishek Arora and Melissa Dell}, year={2023}, eprint={2309.00789}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} }
```
Configuration
- Architecture
- BertModel
- Context length (tokens)
- 512
- Layers
- 24
- Hidden size
- 1,024
- Feed-forward size
- 4,096
- Attention heads
- 16
- Vocabulary size
- 31,102
- Stored precision
- float32
- Model type
- bert
Identity and Version
- Repository
- dell-research-harvard/lt-wikidata-comp-de
- Publisher
- Dell Research Harvard
- Task
- Sentence similarity
- Modality
- Text
- Library
- sentence-transformers
- Parameters
- 336M parameters
- Languages
- de
- Revision
- bf19cfebe8ab1b5905ef99622d048a612b83156c
- First published
- 2023-08-11
- Last updated
- 2025-10-07
Files and Weights
19 files, 1.3 GB in total. The weights are 1 file totalling 1.3 GB in safetensors.
Every file
| File | Type | Size | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|
| model.safetensors | Weights | 1.3 GB | f631da819fee |
| 1_Pooling/config.json | Configuration | 271 B | — |
| LT_training_config.json | Configuration | 1.0 KB | — |
| config.json | Configuration | 785 B | — |
| config_sentence_transformers.json | Configuration | 123 B | — |
| modules.json | Configuration | 229 B | — |
| sentence_bert_config.json | Configuration | 53 B | — |
| special_tokens_map.json | Configuration | 125 B | — |
| README.md | Documentation | 5.7 KB | — |
| Information-Retrieval_evaluation_eval_results.csv | Other | 576 B | — |
| Information-Retrieval_evaluation_test_results.csv | Other | 574 B | — |
| eval/Information-Retrieval_evaluation_eval_results.csv | Other | 58.7 KB | — |
| linkage_de_aliases_train.csv | Other | 2.2 MB | — |
| test_data.pickle | Other | 232.8 KB | e9f49f3470ec |
| val_data.pickle | Other | 1.9 MB | e0af962f2e38 |
| .gitattributes | Repository | 407 B | — |
| tokenizer.json | Tokenizer | 729.3 KB | — |
| tokenizer_config.json | Tokenizer | 1.3 KB | — |
| vocab.txt | Tokenizer | 239.8 KB | — |
License and Download
- License
- mit
- Access
- Open weights, no gate
- Download size
- 1.3 GB
Released by Dell Research Harvard through its official repository on Hugging Face. Read the license.
Built From
- Described by arXiv:2309.00789
Memory Requirements
| Precision | Weights in memory |
|---|---|
| As published | 1.3 GB |
| 16-bit | 0.7 GB |
| 8-bit | 0.3 GB |
| 4-bit | 0.2 GB |
Weights only, from the published parameter count; the key-value cache and runtime add to this.
Questions About lt-wikidata-comp-de
How much GPU memory does lt-wikidata-comp-de need?
About 0.8 GB at 16-bit and 0.2 GB at 4-bit: the weights (336M parameters) plus a working margin. A long context needs more.
What is the cheapest GPU to run lt-wikidata-comp-de on?
At 16-bit, 1x MI300X from $1.85 an hour; at 4-bit, 1x MI300X from $1.85 an hour, at the lowest on-demand prices the SAVRN Index lists.
Can I use lt-wikidata-comp-de commercially?
Yes. lt-wikidata-comp-de is released under MIT License. The MIT License is a short permissive license. It permits commercial use, modification and redistribution, provided the copyright notice and permission notice are included.
What is lt-wikidata-comp-de's context length?
512 tokens, from the maximum position embeddings in its published configuration.
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