Caledonia County, Vermont: Power, Data Centers and the Local Economy
Home to St. Johnsbury, Lyndon and Hardwick
No data center or power plant project is on record in Caledonia County, but the national build-out still reaches it through its utility bill, its labor market and the projects next door. Electrical contractors employ 74, at an average $69,357 a year. Caledonia County is home to St. Johnsbury, Lyndon, Hardwick and Danville. Next door, Grafton County, New Hampshire, has 2 data centers. 6 MW of that came online in 2019 or later, mostly solar. Employers here counted 11,164 jobs in 2025, up 5.1% from 2019 (the 2nd fastest growth of 14 Vermont counties).
Cities and towns in Caledonia County
Caledonia County is home to St. Johnsbury, Lyndon, Hardwick and Danville.
Unincorporated communities (governed by the county): Barnet, Danville, East Burke, Groton, Hardwick, Lyndon, Lyndon Center, Peacham, Sheffield, St. Johnsbury, Sutton.
Residents are 2025 Census estimates for the part of each city, town or township inside this county. Census publishes no annual estimate for unincorporated communities.
What changed in Caledonia County
1st = the most. Ranks cover counties with a value on record.
| Measure | Then | Now | Change | Rank in Vermont |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2020 → 2025) | 30,180 | 30,414 | ▲ 0.8% | 9th of 14 by size |
| Total jobs (2019 → 2025) | 10,619 | 11,164 | ▲ 5.1% | 2nd of 14 by growth |
| Average annual pay (2019 → 2025) | $42,974 | $57,914 | ▲ 34.8% | — |
| Electrical contractor jobs (2019 → 2025) | 30 | 74 | ▲ 146.7% | — |
| Unemployment rate (2019 → August 2026) | 2.5% | 2.4% | ▼ 0.1pts | — |
| Generating capacity added since 2019 | — | 6 MW | — | |
| Generating capacity retired since 2019 | — | 0 MW | — |
Its power plants have 83 MW of capacity, 48% of it wind, the 5th largest fleet in Vermont. Green Mountain Power Corp is the largest utility serving Caledonia County, one of 5 with territory here. Its residential customers paid an average 22.09¢/kWh in 2024. Unemployment was 2.4% in August 2026, against 2.5% in 2019. 30,414 people live here, up 0.8% since 2020, 9th of 14 Vermont counties by population.
Who powers Caledonia County
Net change in operating capacity since 2019: +6 MW. Colors follow the fuel legend above.
Utilities with service territory in Caledonia County
| Utility | Ownership | Service | Residential customers (systemwide) | Residential price, 2024 | Commercial share of sales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Mountain Power Corp | Investor Owned | Bundled | 226,675 | 22.09¢ | 36% |
| Vermont Electric Cooperative, Inc | Cooperative | Bundled | 35,964 | 23.26¢ | 28% |
| Town of Hardwick | — | — | — | — | — |
| The Town of Lyndon Electric Department | — | — | — | — | — |
| Washington Electric Coop - (VT) | — | — | — | — | — |
Customer counts, prices and sales shares cover each utility's whole system in the state, not only this county. Commercial sales include data centers.
Operating power plants 9
| Technology | Capacity | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Wind | 40 MW | 48% |
| Other technologies | 22 MW | 26% |
| Hydro | 16 MW | 19% |
| Solar | 6 MW | 7% |
| Largest plants | Owner | Technology | MW | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheffield Wind | Evergreen Wind, LLC | Wind | 40 MW | 2011 |
| Ryegate Associates, LLC | Ryegate Associates, LLC | Other technologies | 22 MW | 1992 |
| Mcindoes | Great River Hydro, LLC | Hydro | 10 MW | 1931 |
| East Barnet | Green Mountain Power Corp | Hydro | 2 MW | 1984 |
| Golden Solar | Cardinal Renewables | Solar | 2 MW | 2021 |
| ER Center Road Solar, LLC | Altus Power America Management, LLC | Solar | 2 MW | 2022 |
The Caledonia County labor market
| Industry (2025) | Jobs | Average pay | Concentration vs U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|
| All industries | 11,164 | $57,914 | 1.00 |
| Electrical contractors | 74 | $69,357 | 0.92 |
Concentration is the BLS location quotient: 1.0 means the industry holds the same share of local jobs as it does nationally. Industry rows count private employers; cells BLS suppresses are left out.
Data centers and local rules in Caledonia County
No data center, local measure or delayed project is on record in Caledonia County. Vermont has 3 local measures on record statewide.
Caledonia County and its neighbors
Of the 6 counties that border Caledonia County, Grafton County carries the most build-out activity: data centers, planned generation and operating plants combined.
| County | Population | Jobs since 2019 | Operating MW | Planned MW | Data centers | Local measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caledonia County | 30,414 | ▲ 5.1% | 83 MW | — | — | — |
| Essex County | 6,051 | ▼ 3.2% | 8 MW | — | — | — |
| Grafton County NH | 93,225 | ▲ 0.4% | 475 MW | — | 2 | — |
| Lamoille County | 26,294 | ▲ 4.7% | 10 MW | — | — | — |
| Orange County | 30,002 | ▼ 0.9% | 15 MW | — | — | — |
| Orleans County | 27,600 | ▼ 5.1% | 82 MW | — | — | — |
| Washington County | 59,652 | ▼ 1.2% | 66 MW | — | — | — |
More of Vermont
Caledonia County, answered from the record
Who provides electricity in Caledonia County, Vermont?
5 utilities have service territory in Caledonia County in the EIA-861 2024 report: Green Mountain Power Corp, Vermont Electric Cooperative, Inc, Town of Hardwick, The Town of Lyndon Electric Department. The largest, Green Mountain Power Corp, charged residential customers 22.09¢/kWh on average in 2024.
What power plants are in Caledonia County?
9 operating plants with 83 MW of capacity. The largest is Sheffield Wind (40 MW, wind).
Are there data centers in Caledonia County?
The SAVRN Data Center Map has no data center in Caledonia County. The nearest activity on record is next door in Grafton County.
Is Caledonia County adding jobs?
Employers counted 11,164 jobs in 2025 against 10,619 in 2019 (+5.1%, BLS QCEW).
Does Caledonia County have a data center moratorium?
No county-level measure is on record for Caledonia County. Vermont has 3 local measures statewide, listed on the state page.